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|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|imagecaption = '''Xâkömari'''
|imagecaption = '''Xâkömari'''
|speakers = 5.1 million<br/>334,656 overseas
|speakers = 5,270,832 in the United States<br/>334,656 overseas
|date = 2014
|date = 2014
|familycolor = Language isolate
|familycolor = Language isolate
Line 22: Line 22:
|mapcaption = Location of nations where Xanian is a spoken language
|mapcaption = Location of nations where Xanian is a spoken language
|notice = IPA
|notice = IPA
}}'''Xanian''' (''Xâkömari'', {{IPA|/ʒakømɑrɪ/}}) is a North American language spoken by 5.1 million people, and the official language of [[Xania]]. It is a member of the [[Xanic langauges|Xanic]] language family, and largely regarded as a language isolate, the second largest of its type in the world after [[wikipedia:Korean language|Korean]]. For centuries, the Xanian language has remained distinct and separate from the rest of the languages around it, with little influence on the language until Xania's emergence into the world community in the late-1800s. Virtually nothing is known of the language's prehistory, and all information on when it first appeared in Xania exists, leaving many to speculate that the language arrived with its current inhabitants, the [[Xanians]].
}}'''Xanian''' (''Xâkömari'', {{IPA|/ʒakømɑrɪ/}}) is a North American language spoken by 5.6 million people, and the official language of [[Xania]]. It is a member of the [[Xanic langauges|Xanic]] language family, and largely regarded as a language isolate, the second largest of its type in the world after [[wikipedia:Korean language|Korean]]. For centuries, the Xanian language has remained distinct and separate from the rest of the languages around it, with little influence on the language until Xania's emergence into the world community in the late-1800s. Virtually nothing is known of the language's prehistory, and all information on when it first appeared in Xania exists, leaving many to speculate that the language arrived with its current inhabitants, the [[Xanians]].
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
''Main articles: [[Xanian/Phonology|Xanian phonology]] and [[IPA for Xanian]]''
''Main articles: [[Xanian/Phonology|Xanian phonology]] and [[IPA for Xanian]]''
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 600px; "
|-style="font-size: 90%;"
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 30px; "|Grapheme
|+Consonant phonemes
! scope="col" style="width: 50px; "|IPA
!
! scope="col" style="width: 260px; text-align: left; "|Description
! colspan=2 | Bilabial
! scope="col" style="width: 260px; text-align: left; "|Notes
! colspan=2 | Labio-<br>dental
! colspan=2 | Alveolar
! colspan=2 | Post-<br>alveolar
! colspan=2 | Palatal
! colspan=2 | Velar
! colspan=2 | Glottal
|-
|-
! Nasal
| style="text-align: center;"|D
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|m}}
| style="text-align: center;"|d
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|[d]
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiced alveolar stop
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|n}}
| style="text-align: left;"| -
| colspan=2 |
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
|-
! Stop
| style="text-align: center;"|H
| style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|  
| style="text-align: center;"|h
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|[h]
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiceless glottal fricative
| style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|t}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|d}}
| style="text-align: left;"| -
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|k}}||style="border-left: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
|-
! Affricate
| style="text-align: center;"|J
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|j
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|[dʒ]
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiced palato-alveolar affricate
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|tʃ}}||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|dʒ}}
| style="text-align: left;"| -
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
|-
! Fricative
| style="text-align: center;"|K
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|k
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|v}}
| style="text-align: center;"|[k]
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|  
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiceless velar stop
| style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|s}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: left;"| -
| style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|ʃ}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|h}}||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Approximant<br>(Lateral)
| style="text-align: center;"|L
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|l
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|[l]
| style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|  
| style="text-align: left;"|Alveolar lateral approximant
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|j}}
| style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|
| colspan=2 |
|-
|-
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|M
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|m
| style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPA|ɹ}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPA|l}}
| style="text-align: center;"|[m]
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: left;"|Bilabial nasal
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: left;"| -
| colspan=2 |
|-
| colspan=2 |
| style="text-align: center;"|N
| style="text-align: center;"|n
| style="text-align: center;"|[n]
| style="text-align: left;"|Alveolar nasal
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|R
| style="text-align: center;"|r
| style="text-align: center;"|[ɹ]
| style="text-align: left;"|Alveolar approximant
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|S
| style="text-align: center;"|S
| style="text-align: center;"|[s]
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiceless alveolar sibilant
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Š
| style="text-align: center;"|š
| style="text-align: center;"|[ʃ]
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|T
| style="text-align: center;"|t
| style="text-align: center;"|[t]
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiceless alveolar plosive
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|V
| style="text-align: center;"|v
| style="text-align: center;"|[v]
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiced labiodental fricative
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|X
| style="text-align: center;"|x
| style="text-align: center;"|[ʒ]
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Y
| style="text-align: center;"|y
| style="text-align: center;"|[j]
| style="text-align: left;"|Palatal approximant
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Z
| style="text-align: center;"|z
| style="text-align: center;"|[z]
| style="text-align: left;"|Voiced alveolar fricative
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|}
|}
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 600px; "
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 30px; "|Grapheme
! scope="col" style="width: 50px; "|IPA
! scope="col" style="width: 260px; text-align: left; "|Description
! scope="col" style="width: 260px; text-align: left; "|Notes
|-
|-
!rowspan="1"|
| style="text-align: center;"|A
!colspan="1"| Front
| style="text-align: center;"|a
!colspan="1"| Near-front
| style="text-align: center;"|[a]
!colspan="1"| Central
| style="text-align: left;"|Open front unrounded vowel
!colspan="1"| Back
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
|-
! Close
| style="text-align: center;"|Â
| {{IPA|[i]}}
| style="text-align: center;"|â
|
| style="text-align: center;"|[ɐ]
|
| style="text-align: left;"|Near-open central vowel
|
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
|-
! Near-close
| style="text-align: center;"|E
|
| style="text-align: center;"|e
| {{IPA|[ɪ]}}
| style="text-align: center;"|[e]
|
| style="text-align: left;"|Close-mid front unrounded vowel
|
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
|-
! Close-mid
| style="text-align: center;"|I
|
| style="text-align: center;"|i
|
| style="text-align: center;"|[i]
| {{IPA|[ø]}}
| style="text-align: left;"|Close front unrounded vowel
|
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
|-
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;"|Ī 
| {{IPA|[e]}}
| style="text-align: center;"|ī
|  
| style="text-align: center;"|[ɪ]
|
| style="text-align: left;"|Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
| {{IPA|[o]}}
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
|-
! Near-open
| style="text-align: center;"|O
|
| style="text-align: center;"|o
|
| style="text-align: center;"|[o]
| {{IPA|[ɐ]}}
| style="text-align: left;"|Close-mid back rounded vowel
|
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|-
|-
! Open
| style="text-align: center;"|Ö
|
| style="text-align: center;"|ö
| {{IPA|[a]}}
| style="text-align: center;"|[ɵ]
| {{IPA|[ɑ]}}
| style="text-align: left;"|Close-mid central rounded vowel
|
| style="text-align: left;"| -
|}
|}
===Alphabet===
===Alphabet===
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| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[n]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[n]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[o]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[o]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[ø]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[ɵ]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[ɹ]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[ɹ]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[s]
| scope="col" style="text-align: center; width: 41px; "|[s]
Line 191: Line 225:
===Stress, rhythm and intonation===
===Stress, rhythm and intonation===
Xanian is a highly stressed language, with emphasize on the first or second syllables of a short word, or first to middle syllables of a longer word, typically regarded as the norm.  The stress on words with Xanian is often considered similar to the stressing of words in the English and Latin, though Xanian words will have circumflex marks to indicate when stress on a particular syllable is required, much as with the accents in Latin and Romance languages. With regards to rhythm, Xanian is a stress-timed language, with stressed and unstressed syllables carrying equal weight in a word though the stressed portion may be shorter than the unstressed portion in letter length, but longer when voiced.
Xanian is a highly stressed language, with emphasize on the first or second syllables of a short word, or first to middle syllables of a longer word, typically regarded as the norm.  The stress on words with Xanian is often considered similar to the stressing of words in the English and Latin, though Xanian words will have circumflex marks to indicate when stress on a particular syllable is required, much as with the accents in Latin and Romance languages. With regards to rhythm, Xanian is a stress-timed language, with stressed and unstressed syllables carrying equal weight in a word though the stressed portion may be shorter than the unstressed portion in letter length, but longer when voiced.
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Xanian"