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<!-- In above sentence, intransitive stative "-ná-" is etymologically related to copula "-nan-" (to be). Both are cognates to Minhast "-an" intransitive marker and Nankôre "iná" intransitive auxiliary. I don't know why the regressive stress shift occurs --> | <!-- In above sentence, intransitive stative "-ná-" is etymologically related to copula "-nan-" (to be). Both are cognates to Minhast "-an" intransitive marker and Nankôre "iná" intransitive auxiliary. I don't know why the regressive stress shift occurs --> | ||
<!-- "-tsa-" = collective marker? --> | <!-- "-tsa-" = collective marker? --> | ||
=== Demonstratives === | |||
The demonstratives are determiners that point towards a specific entity. They follow their heads. Clitic versions append to the verb complexes. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! Type !! Independent !! Translation !! Example || Nahenic Cognates | |||
|- | |||
! '''Proximal ''' | |||
| nótsalo | |||
| this one near me | |||
| ''nahón nótsalo'' "this man here" | |||
| | |||
* Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-nussar-'' | |||
* Nankôre: ''hosiayri'' <br/> /ho'ʃjaɪɾi/ | |||
|- | |||
! '''Medio-Proximal''' | |||
| iyáyalo | |||
| that one by you | |||
| ''nahón iyáyalo'' "that man next to you" | |||
| | |||
* Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-eyyar-, -yyar-'' | |||
* Nankôre: ''yaiyayri'' | |||
|- | |||
! '''Distal''' | |||
| pʼáyalo | |||
| yonder, that one near him/her/them | |||
|''nahón pʼáyalo'' "yonder man"" | |||
| | |||
* Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-ppeyyar-'' | |||
* Nankôre: ''paypayri'' | |||
|- | |||
! '''Invisible''' | |||
| nando | |||
| that one beyond the horizon, <br/>or occluded by a distant object | |||
| ''nahón nando'' "that man <br/>(e.g. on the other side <br/> of the mountain)" | |||
| | |||
* Minhast Stone Speaker dialect: <br/>''-onda-'' "to conceal"(?)<ref>This remains a highly contested hypothesis.</ref> | |||
|} | |||
=== Numbers === | === Numbers === |
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