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* The '''imperfective''' is created by adding ''-N'' to the infinitive, which is realised as ''-ng'' following vowels and ''-na'' following consonants, e.g. ''izuking'' 'touching', ''yanna'' 'taking', ''ekaina'' 'learning'. It refers to an action or state which is either ongoing or habitual.
* The '''imperfective''' is created by adding ''-N'' to the infinitive, which is realised as ''-ng'' following vowels and ''-na'' following consonants, e.g. ''izuking'' 'touching', ''yanna'' 'taking', ''ekaina'' 'learning'. It refers to an action or state which is either ongoing or habitual.
* The '''perfective''' is created by adding ''-i'' to the infinitive, e.g. ''izukii'' 'touched', ''yazi'' 'taken, took', ''yommikeyi'' 'kicked'. It is used to denote an action or state in its entirety, without reference to its duration.
* The '''perfective''' is created by adding ''-i'' to the infinitive, e.g. ''izukii'' 'touched', ''yazi'' 'taken, took', ''yommikeyi'' 'kicked'. It is used to denote an action or state in its entirety, without reference to its duration.
* The '''iterative/frequentative''' suffixes ''-iko'' (after a vowel) or ''-ko'' (after a consonant), which denotes frequent or repeated action, or an action seemingly composed of multiple smaller instances of an action, often where the result is quiet or of limited intensity e.g. ''ekaiko'' 'study' < ''KASH'' 'learn', ''edanko'' 'sip' < ''DANG'' 'drink', ''ebaiko'' 'babble, chatter' (softly, as of a baby) < ''BA'' 'speak', ''yedeiko'' 'nibble' < ''EDE'' 'bite'.
A '''reduplicated''' root may also be used to create a frequentative, but always with an intensive and often a pejorative sense, e.g. ''edandan'' 'gulp, quaff' < ''DANG'', ''yedede'' 'to chomp' < ''EDE'', ''ebaba'' 'yammer, gossip, yak' < ''BA''.


====Mood====
====Mood====
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| Interrogative 2 || colspan="2;" | to ask tentative yes/no questions
| Interrogative 2 || colspan="2;" | to ask tentative yes/no questions
|}
|}
====Valency====
Verbs may be inherently transitive or intransitive, but are generally marked where they increase or decrease valency.
Valency can be decreased by:
* Object-incorporation, in which the object noun is added to the front of the verb, replacing E-, e.g. ''uddang'' 'drink water' < ''uz'' 'water' + ''edang'' 'to drink' (compare ''uz-ke edang'' 'to drink water')
* The '''impersonal''' suffix ''-to'' is added to transitive verbs where the direct object is not stated, creating an intransitive e.g. ''ipuito'' 'see', ''ekaito'' 'learn'".
* The '''reciprocal/reflexive''' infix ''-be-'' is added to transitive verbs to indicate that the subject(s) and object(s) are the same, e.g. ''ebekash'' 'teach oneself/each other", ''ebepush'' 'see oneself; see each other, meet'.
* The '''applicative''' suffix ''-ki'', which makes an indirect object the direct object and indicates the beneficiary, recipient, purpose or goal of the action, depending on context and the meaning of the verb,, e.g. ''edakaiki'' 'teach someone', ''edapuiki'' 'show someone'.
Valency is increased by:
* The '''causative''' infix ''-da-'', which comes between the verbaliser ''E-'' and the root, e.g. ''edakash'' 'teach' < ''ekash'' 'learn'. This form of causative is mainly added to intransitive verbs and transitive verbs in which the subject has little or no control over the action (e.g. ''edapush'' 'show' < ''ipush'' 'see').


====Secondary Verbs====
====Secondary Verbs====
The main affixes used to create secondary verbs are:
The main affixes used to create secondary verbs are:
* The '''causative''' infix ''-da-'', which comes between the verbaliser ''E-'' and the root, e.g. ''edakash'' 'teach' < ''ekash'' 'learn'. This form of causative is mainly added to intransitive verbs and transitive verbs in which the subject has little or no control over the action (e.g. ''edapush'' 'show' < ''ipush'' 'see').
* The '''pejorative''' infix ''-na-'', which takes the same position as ''-da-'' and perversity, ill intent or action resulting in unfortunate circumstances, e.g. ''enakash'' 'mislearn, learn wrongly', ''enadang'' 'drink heavily, get drunk'. When used with the causative, it becomes ''-dan-'', e.g. ''edankash'' 'teach wrongly'.  
* The '''pejorative''' infix ''-na-'', which takes the same position as ''-da-'' and perversity, ill intent or action resulting in unfortunate circumstances, e.g. ''enakash'' 'mislearn, learn wrongly', ''enadang'' 'drink heavily, get drunk'. When used with the causative, it becomes ''-dan-'', e.g. ''edankash'' 'teach wrongly'.  
* The '''applicative''' suffix ''-ki'', which makes an indirect object the direct object and indicates the beneficiary, recipient, purpose or goal of the action, depending on context and the meaning of the verb,, e.g. ''edakaiki'' 'teach someone', ''edapuiki'' 'show someone'.
* The '''iterative/frequentative''' suffixes ''-iko'' (after a vowel) or ''-ko'' (after a consonant), which denotes frequent or repeated action, or an action seemingly composed of multiple smaller instances of an action, often where the result is quiet or of limited intensity e.g. ''ekaiko'' 'study' < ''KASH'' 'learn', ''edanko'' 'sip' < ''DANG'' 'drink', ''ebaiko'' 'babble, chatter' (softly, as of a baby) < ''BA'' 'speak', ''yedeiko'' 'nibble' < ''EDE'' 'bite'.  
* The '''iterative/frequentative''' suffixes ''-iko'' (after a vowel) or ''-ko'' (after a consonant), which denotes frequent or repeated action, or an action seemingly composed of multiple smaller instances of an action, often where the result is quiet or of limited intensity e.g. ''ekaiko'' 'study' < ''KASH'' 'learn', ''edanko'' 'sip' < ''DANG'' 'drink', ''ebaiko'' 'babble, chatter' (softly, as of a baby) < ''BA'' 'speak', ''yedeiko'' 'nibble' < ''EDE'' 'bite'.  


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