User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Tigal has a relatively average consonant inventory of around 20 consonants, like most West Talmic languages.
Tigal has a relatively average consonant inventory of around 20 consonants, like most West Talmic languages. The phonology is unusual for having lateral fricatives and two liquids undefined for laterality.


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
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!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
| f || s || ɬ || ç~x  
| f || s || ɬ || ç~x || || h
|rowspan="3"| χ~ʁ~ʀ~ʟ || h
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| v || z || ɮ  || j~ɣ  
| v || z || ɮ  || j~ɣ || ||
||
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Flap/Trill
!colspan="2"| Liquid
| ||  
| || || ɽ~ɺ˞~ɭ || || ʀ~ʟ ||
|rowspan="2"| ɺ˞~ɭ || ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Approximant
!colspan="2"| Approximant
| w || || || ||
| w || || ||
|}
|}


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*/ŋ, kʰ, k/ are usually velar [ŋ, kʰ, k], but are often uvular [ɴ, qʰ, q] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʰʀ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ].
*/ŋ, kʰ, k/ are usually velar [ŋ, kʰ, k], but are often uvular [ɴ, qʰ, q] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʰʀ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ].
*/x, ɣ/ palatalize to [ç, j] before /iː yː ɪ ʏ eː øː/.
*/x, ɣ/ palatalize to [ç, j] before /iː yː ɪ ʏ eː øː/.
*/ʟ/ is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant or a backed uvular approximant with compressed rounding [ʁ̞ᵝˤ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L. (This article uses /ʟ/ for simplicity.)
*The retroflex liquid /ɽ~ɺ˞~ɭ/:
** It is vocalized in unstressed syllables to [ɤˁ].  
**The [ɽ~ɺ˞] allophone occurs before vowels.
** In classical singing and some dialects [ɫ] is used.
**The [ɭ] allophones occurs after vowels, however [ɻ] is acceptable in this position too.
*/ʀ/ is a trill [ʀ] in careful speech. It is a fricative [ʁ] in casual speech which devoices to [χ] word-finally or after an aspirate or another fricative. The main features distinguishing /ʀ/ from /ʟ/ are greater frication and absence of pharyngealization in the former.  
*The uvular liquid /ʀ~ʟ/:
**The [ʀ] allophone occurs before consonants. It is a trill [ʀ] in careful speech, and a fricative [ʁ] in casual speech which devoices to [χ] after an aspirate or another fricative.
**The allophone transcribed as [ʟ] occurs after vowels but may occur before consonants. but may occur is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant or a backed uvular approximant with compressed rounding [ʁ̞ᵝˤ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L.
**In classical singing and some dialects [r] is used.
**In classical singing and some dialects [r] is used.


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