Rówok: Difference between revisions
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Dictionary entries are listed with principal parts in the following order: | Dictionary entries are listed with principal parts in the following order: | ||
*'''lemma''' - definition; '''finite verbal stem'''-, '''participial stem''' (de facto the nom/erg singular imperfect active participle), '''vocative stem'''+, '''ergative | *'''lemma''' - definition; '''finite verbal stem'''-, '''participial stem''' (de facto the nom/erg singular imperfect active participle), '''vocative stem'''+, '''ergative form''', '''oblique stem'''-, '''adverbial form''' | ||
:+The similative and partitive cases are also based on the vocative stem, as well as adjectives. | :+The similative and partitive cases are also based on the vocative stem, as well as adjectives. | ||
As explained above in the [[#Phonology|phonology section]], verbal stems tend to group in (C)VCC and participial stems in (C)V(C)C; | As explained above in the [[#Phonology|phonology section]], verbal stems tend to group in (C)VCC and participial stems in (C)V(C)C; ergative stems tend to be CVCVC, and oblique nominal stems CCVC if allowed by [[#Phonotactics|phonotactics]]. Unstressed epenthetics are inserted where needed, giving possible ^VCC(C/V) instead of expected CC(C/V), or CVCVC instead of expected CCVC. | ||
Examples, starting with theme vowel [a]: | Examples, starting with theme vowel [a]: | ||
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=====Finite verbal stem===== | =====Finite verbal stem===== | ||
The finite verbal stem is characterized by vowel clusters grouped on the right side of the root's vowel structure. | |||
It is used, well, to form finite [[#Verbs|verbs]]. | |||
=====Participial stem===== | =====Participial stem===== | ||
The participial stem is the de facto [[#Ergative|ergative]] [[#Number|singular]] [[#Aspect|imperfect]] [[#Voice|active]] form of the [[#Participles|participle]]. | |||
=====Vocative stem===== | =====Vocative stem===== | ||
The vocative stem is perhaps a misnomer, as it is used to form not only the [[#Vocative|vocative]] case, but also the [[#Partitive|partitive]] and [[#Similative|similative]] cases, as well as to form many [[#Compound words|compounds]]. | |||
=====Ergative form===== | =====Ergative form===== | ||
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The adverbial form of a verb has a couple of meanings: | The adverbial form of a verb has a couple of meanings: | ||
*as a simple adverb | *as a simple adverb | ||
*following a noun in the [[# | *following a noun in the [[#Ergative|ergative]] it functions as an [[#Adjectives|adjective]] | ||
*following a noun in the [[#Instrumental/(a)comitative|instrumental]] it functions like a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]]. | *following a noun in the [[#Instrumental/(a)comitative|instrumental]] it functions like a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]]. | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns in Rówok are declined for the following: | |||
*case | |||
*number | |||
For more cf. [[#Participles|participles]]. | For more cf. [[#Participles|participles]]. | ||
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=====Vocative===== | =====Vocative===== | ||
The | The ergative form of the noun is one of the [[#Roots and principle parts|principle parts]]. | ||
It does not have an ending, but is realized as the minimum extension of the root's vowel structure. | It does not have an ending, but is realized as the minimum extension of the root's vowel structure. | ||
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The vocative as a stem is also used in many nominal [[#Compounding|compounds]], as well as for the base of the [[#Similative|similative case]]. | The vocative as a stem is also used in many nominal [[#Compounding|compounds]], as well as for the base of the [[#Similative|similative case]]. | ||
===== | =====Ergative===== | ||
The | The ergative form of the noun is one of the [[#Roots and principle parts|principle parts]]. | ||
It does not have an ending (except for rare circumstances to mark [[#Gender|gender]]); instead it is realized as the full extension of the root's vowel structure. | It does not have an ending (except for rare circumstances to mark [[#Gender|gender]]); instead it is realized as the full extension of the root's vowel structure. | ||
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*when the subject is the agent of a transitive action | *when the subject is the agent of a transitive action | ||
Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[# | Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]]. | ||
=====Middle voice===== | =====Middle voice===== | ||
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#when the subject or subjects of a transitive verb are also the patient, such as '''shaving''', or '''looking oneself in the mirror''' | #when the subject or subjects of a transitive verb are also the patient, such as '''shaving''', or '''looking oneself in the mirror''' | ||
Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-6 are in the [[# | Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-6 are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]], while subjects in example 7 are in the [[#Telic|telic]]. | ||
=====Passive voice===== | =====Passive voice===== | ||