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 Furthermore, the clusters ''mp- mph- nt- nth- lk- lkh-'' are found in some Eastern Dabuke words, especially regionally widespread in the Western parts of the Inquisition.
+==Morphophonology==
+In this section, the orthographic representation is used instead of phonemic transcription.
+===Vowel alternations===
+====Ablaut====
+Chlouvānem morphology uses a system of ablaut alternations in its vowels, most notably for some verbs, for the ablauting declension of nouns (5h), and for many derivations. Every normal ablaut pattern has a base grade (the one given in citation forms), a middle grade, and a strong grade.<br/>
+The patterns of regular ablaut are the following:
+* ''i-ablaut'': base '''i''' or '''ī''' — middle '''e''' — strong '''ai'''
+* ''u-ablaut'': '''u'''/'''ū''' — '''o''' ('''ą''') — '''au'''
+** ''u>i-ablaut'': '''u'''/'''ū''' — '''i''' — '''au'''
+* ''ṛ-ablaut'': '''ṛ''' — '''ar''' — '''ār'''
+A few roots have the so-called ''inverse ablaut'', where the vowels get simplified in the middle grade, and there is no strong grade:
+* ''i-type inverse ablaut'': base '''ya''' (or '''ьa''') — middle '''i'''
+** ''ei-type inverse ablaut'': base '''ei''' — middle '''i'''
+* ''u-type inverse ablaut'': base '''va''' — middle '''u'''
+====Lengthening====
+Lengthening alternations, which originate in Proto-Lahob, substitute a vowel with its lengthened form. There are many apparently irregular cases, due to the huge vowel shifts that happened between Proto-Lahob (PLB) and Chlouvānem. Note that PLB *î represents /ɨ/ or /ɨ̯/.<br/>Lengthening as a type of vowel alternation is the so-called ''diachronic lengthening'', as the results are largely determined by what those vowels were in PLB:
+* '''a''' → '''ā'''
+** '''a''' → '''ū''' (PLB *o → *ō)
+* '''i''' → '''ī'''
+** '''i''' → '''æ''' (PLB *ej → *ēj)
+** '''i''' → '''au''' (PLB *aî → *āî)
+* '''u''' → '''ū'''
+* '''e''' → '''ya''' (PLB *e → *ē)
+** '''e''' → '''ai''' (PLB *aj → *āj)
+* '''o''' → '''au''' (PLB *aw → *āw)
+** '''o''' → '''ei''' (PLB *ow → *ōw)
+* '''æ''' → '''yau''' (PLB *ew → *ēw)
+* '''oe''' → '''ai''' (PLB *oj → *ōj)
+* '''ṛ''' → '''ar'''
+Another, different type of lengthening, is ''synchronic lengthening'', which is a saṃdhi change; it only applies to '''a''', '''i''', '''u''', '''ṛ''', '''æ''', and '''e''', turning them into '''ā''', '''ī''', '''ū''', '''ṝ''', '''ǣ''', and '''ē''' respectively.
+====Vowel saṃdhi====
+Vowel saṃdhi in Chlouvānem is often fairly logical, though sometimes the results are influenced by Proto-Lahob phonology.<br/>
+Similar vowels (thus /a i e u ʀ̩/ only diverging in quantity or phonation) merge in these ways:
+* short + short = long (e.g. ''a'' + ''a'' → ''ā'')
+* long + short = long (and viceversa) (e.g. ''ā'' + ''a'' → ''a'')
+* oral + breathy-voiced = breathy-voiced (''a'' + ''ą'' → ''ą'')
+* breathy-voiced + oral = /VɦV/, written with the breathy-voiced character followed by the oral one (e.g. ''ą'' + ''a'' → ''ąa'')
+The only exception to this pattern is the sequence '''ē''' + '''e''' which becomes '''ege'''.
+Dissimilar vowels merge in these ways. '''ṛ''' and '''ṝ''' become semivowels wherever needed, and '''i''' and '''u''' become '''y''' and '''v''' before other vowels; '''ī''' and '''ū''' turn to ''iy'' and ''uv'' respectively.<br/>Other changes are:
+* '''e''' and '''o''' always continue PLB *aj and *aw regardless of etymology, so when followed by vowels the results are ''ayV'' and ''avV'' respectively. Similarly, with '''ai''' and '''au''' the results are ''āyV'' and ''āvV'';
+* '''æ''' and '''ǣ''' both become '''ev''' and '''oe''' becomes '''en''' when followed by another vowel;
+* All other ones simply turn their second element into the corresponding semivowel (e.g. '''ei''' → '''ey''').
+* '''a''': ''a-i'' → '''e''' ; ''a-u'' → '''o''' ; ''a-e'' → '''ai''' ; ''a-o'' → '''au'''
+* '''ā''': ''ā-i'' and ''ā-e'' → '''ai''' ; ''ā-u'' and ''ā-o'' → '''au'''
+* '''a''' or '''ā''' and a following long vowel (or '''æ''' or '''å''') get an epenthetic '''y''' (before ''ī'', ''ē'', ''æ'') or '''v''' (before ''ū'', ''å'').
+* When preceded by ''a'', other diphthongs get a prothetic ''y'' if their first element is front and a prothetic ''v'' if it is back. '''æ''' turns to '''ya'''.
+For verbs with root-initial ''ṛ-'', the result depends on the preceding vowel: ''u-ṛ-'' (and ''o-ṛ-'' and ''au-ṛ-'') becomes ''(∅/a/ā)vṛ-'', while with all other vowels it is ''ṛ'' (or ''ṝ'') that becomes a semivowel, cf. ''švṛṣme'' "to believe" (šu-ṛsme), ''šuterṣmau'' "I believed" (šu-te-ṛṣmau).
+Vowel saṃdhi in vowel-ending verbal roots has a few extra rules — see [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Vocalic_stems|Chlouvānem morphology § Verbs § Vocalic stems]].
+===Consonant alternations===
+====Palatalization====
+Some morphemes beginning in /j/ - especially vowels as the result of diachronic lengthening - may change the preceding consonant by assimilating the /j/ in the following ways:
+* Alveolars and velars shift to palatals (e.g. ''k'' + ''y'' or ''t'' + ''y'' → ''c'');
+* ''h'' + ''y'' → ''š'';
+* '''ɂ''' and '''ƾ''' remain unchanged;
+* All other consonants get a /j/ glide (written '''y''').
+====Internal saṃdhi====
+''Note:'' for simplicity, '''ь''' will be treated as a stand-alone consonant in all the following examples.
+Saṃdhi assimilations are fairly straightforward, and usually it’s the second consonant in a row the one that matters. The most basic rules are:
+* Nasals assimilate to the PoA of any following consonant except for '''y''' (no assimilation occurs) and '''s''' (all become '''ṃ''', phonetically realized as vowel nasalization).
+* All stops assimilate in voicing to a following stop; if the first one is aspirated, then aspiration shifts to the second one. Dentals also assimilate to adjacent (preceding or following) retroflexes.
+In stop saṃdhi, a few further changes apart from basic voicing and retroflex assimilation occur. Note that any such combination also applies to aspirated stops. In voiceless stops:
+-'''pṭ'''- → -'''ṭṭ'''- ; -'''pc'''- → -'''ṃc'''-<br/>
+-'''tc'''- → -'''cc'''- ; -'''tk'''- → -'''kt'''-<br/>
+-'''ṭp'''- → -'''ṭṭ'''- ; -'''ṭc'''- → -'''cc'''- ; -'''ṭk'''- → -'''kṭ'''-<br/>
+-'''cp'''- → -'''cc'''- ; -'''ct'''- → -'''kt'''- ; -'''cṭ'''- → -'''ṣṭ'''- ; -'''ck'''- → -'''šk'''-<br/>
+-'''kp'''- → -'''pp'''- ; -'''kc'''- → -'''cc'''-<br/>
+Doubled stops and the combinations -'''tp'''-, -'''pt'''-, -'''pk'''- , -'''kt'''-, and -'''kṭ'''- remain unchanged.
+Voiced stops mostly mirror voiceless assimilations (doubling saṃdhi already applied - all nasal + stop clusters are underlyingly a geminate stop):
+-'''bḍ'''- → -'''ṇḍ'''-<br/>
+-'''dj'''- → -'''ñj'''- ; -'''dg'''- → -'''gd'''-<br/>
+-'''ḍb'''- → -'''ṇḍ'''- ; -'''ḍj'''- → -'''ñj'''- ; -'''ḍg'''- → <small>-''-gḍ''- → </small> -'''rḍ'''-<br/>
+-'''j''' + any other stop, also aspirated ones → -'''jñ'''-<br/>
+-'''gb'''- → -'''mb'''- ; -'''gḍ'''- → -'''rḍ'''- ; -'''gj'''- → -'''ñj'''-<br/>
+Doubled stops become a nasal+stop sequence; -'''bj'''-, -'''bg'''-, -'''db'''-, -'''bd'''-, and -'''gd'''- remain unchanged.
+''-d(h)n-'' and ''-ḍ(h)ṇ-'' from any origin further assimilate to '''-nn-''' and '''-rṇ-''' respectively.
+'''h''', wherever it is followed by a consonant (apart from '''ь'''), disappears, leaving its trace as breathy-voiced phonation on the preceding vowel (e.g. ''maih-leilē'' → ''mąileilē''). Vowels change as such:
+* '''i''', '''ī''' → '''į'''
+* '''u''', '''ū''' → '''ų'''
+* '''e''', '''ē''', '''æ''', '''ǣ''' → '''ę'''
+* all other monophthongs, or '''oe''' → '''ą'''
+* '''ai''', '''ei''', '''au''' → '''ąi''', '''ęi''', '''ąu''' respectively.
+Sibilants trigger various different changes:
+* Among themselves, '''-s s-''' remains '''ss''' (but simplified to '''s''' if the latter is followed by a consonant other than ''y'' or ''ь''), but any other combination becomes '''kṣ''' (e.g. ''naš-sārah'' → ''nakṣārah'').
+* '''ṣ''', if followed by a dental stop, turns it into '''ṭ''' or '''ṭh''' according to aspiration (e.g. ''paṣ-dhvakām'' → ''paṣṭhvakām'').
+* '''s''' or '''š''' plus any voiced stop, or '''ṣ''' followed by any non-dental/retroflex voiced stop, disappear but synchronically lengthen the previous vowel (e.g. ''kus-drāltake'' → ''kūdrāltake'').
+* Dental stops followed  by '''ṣ''' or '''š''' result in a palatal affricate (e.g. ''prāt-ṣveya'' → ''prācveya'').
+Note that the two roots ''lih-'' and ''muh-'' behave, before consonants (with a few exceptions, e.g. the verbal infinitive), as if they were *lis- and *mus-.
+If the first sound which undergoes saṃdhi is already part of a cluster, a few more assimilations may occur. In a nasal-stop + stop sequence, usually the first stop gets cancelled, but nasals do not assimilate entirely to the stop:
+* '''m''' becomes '''ṃ''';
+* Other nasals do not assimilate at all.
+Note that the combinations -'''mpt'''-, -'''mpk'''-, -'''lkt'''-, -'''lkṭ'''-, -'''mbd'''-, -'''lgd'''-, and -'''lgḍ'''- all remain unchanged; doubled stops are degeminated (like -''mpp''- > -''mp''-).
+If the sound before the stop sequence is '''l''' or '''r''', nothing happens and assimilations are normal. If the  sound is a sibilant (note that they cannot precede voiced stops), assimilations are as usual.
+Note that a few roots may have internal clusters that would not be permitted in internal saṃdhi. Many of these are part of scientific lexicon and all of them are ultimately borrowings, for example ''Līšabgin'' - the name of the sixth planet of the star system Calémere is in.
+====Doubling saṃdhi====
+In a few cases of consonant doubling due to saṃdhi, there are irregular results:
+* ''-y y-'' → '''-jñ-'''
+** This also applies to ''-ai-y-'', e.g. ''mai-yųlake'' → ''majñųlake''
+* ''-v v-'' → '''-gv-'''
+* ''-r r-'' → '''-rl-'''
+* any doubled voiced stop (also due to assimilation of other stops) → homorganic nasal + voiced stop (e.g. ''-b b-'' → ''-mb-'')
+====Epenthetic vowels====
+Epenthetic vowels are usually discussed together with saṃdhi. They are often used in verbal conjugations, as no Chlouvānem word may end in two consonants. The epenthetic vowel used depends on the preceding consonant:
+* '''u''' is inserted after non-palatalized labials;
+* '''a''' is used after retroflexes (except '''ṣ'''), velars, and non-palatalized laryngeals (except '''l''')
+* '''i''' is used after all other consonants.
+Note that '''y''', '''v''', and '''r''' in these cases turn into the corresponding vowels '''i''', '''u''', and '''ṛ'''.
 ==Notes==
 [[Category:Chlouvānem]]