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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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→Impersonal verbs
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Impersonal verbs, in Chlouvānem, are those verbs that are defective and only conjugated in third person exterior (with the partial exception of ''giṃšake'') and only used in patient-trigger voice. There are six such -basic- verbs: | Impersonal verbs, in Chlouvānem, are those verbs that are defective and only conjugated in third person exterior (with the partial exception of ''giṃšake'') and only used in patient-trigger voice. There are six such -basic- verbs: | ||
* ''gårḍake'' (to be meant to) | * ''gårḍake'' (to be meant to) | ||
* ''mbunake'' (to like) | |||
* ''hælte'' (to be moved, touched) | * ''hælte'' (to be moved, touched) | ||
* ''maṣvake'' (to feel compassion, pity) | * ''maṣvake'' (to feel compassion, pity) | ||
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* ''giṃšake'' (to get/be bored) — usually termed “half-impersonal” because it has a full interior conjugation, but with a different meaning (to be boring). | * ''giṃšake'' (to get/be bored) — usually termed “half-impersonal” because it has a full interior conjugation, but with a different meaning (to be boring). | ||
These verbs all have their cause in the exessive case (or a subjunctive verb) and the affected being in the dative | These verbs all have their cause in the exessive case (or a subjunctive verb) and the affected being in the dative, except for ''gårḍake'', which usually only has a subjunctive, and ''mbunake'', whose affected being (the English subject, i.e. who likes) is in the locative. Examples: | ||
: ''lum | : ''lum lūṣyi maivat hæltek'' “what Lūṣya said moved me.” | ||
: ''sēn nanāt mbinē'' "I like that." | |||
: ''nīdrēta lum ñæṃħē'' “I’m sorry for how I behaved.” | : ''nīdrēta lum ñæṃħē'' “I’m sorry for how I behaved.” | ||
: ''sę nanau pryūsimęlyati gårḍek'' “you were meant to give it back to me” (literally: it was meant that you give it back to me<ref>Note that in such a phrase the perfective subjunctive would have a different meaning, namely “to have already given it back to me”.</ref>) . | : ''sę nanau pryūsimęlyati gårḍek'' “you were meant to give it back to me” (literally: it was meant that you give it back to me<ref>Note that in such a phrase the perfective subjunctive would have a different meaning, namely “to have already given it back to me”.</ref>) . | ||