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*''chmi'' = progressive | *''chmi'' = progressive | ||
*''chea'' = preterite | *''chea'' = preterite | ||
*'' | *''chea ftoal'' = 'used to' | ||
*''per'' = future | |||
*''tso'' = past progressive | *''tso'' = past progressive | ||
*''fa'' = perfect | *''fa'' = perfect | ||
*''chea fa'' = past perfect etc. | *''chea fa'' = past perfect etc. | ||
*'' | *''per chmi'' = future progressive | ||
*''hos'' = conditional | *''hos'' = conditional | ||
*''thăgem'' = desiderative (want to) | *''thăgem'' = desiderative (want to) | ||
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===Other particles=== | ===Other particles=== | ||
*''eth'' = it does, doesn't it? | *''eth'' = it does, doesn't it? | ||
===Conjunctions=== | |||
*te = and | |||
*uy = xor | |||
*soas = or (either one of two) | |||
*seam = but | |||
*chăbec = but | |||
*łuch șa = in order to | |||
*yang = although | |||
*șang = so that | |||
*moang = relativizer | |||
*nga = complementizer | |||
===Prepositions=== | |||
*mi-: locative | |||
*ya-: comitative | |||
*șa-: allative | |||
*ngie: "like" | |||
*fa-: ablative | |||
*tsip : without | |||
*fe: by (passive) | |||
*ło-: on | |||
*tăngap: before | |||
*woach: behind | |||
*łăbie: after | |||
*ba: through | |||
*moang: of | |||
===Other particles=== | |||
*fnga = can | |||
*thăgem = want to | |||
*pdar thușnoa = must | |||
===Adverbs=== | |||
*ăris, ris = up | |||
*psuy = down | |||
*torech = rather | |||
*hăsüs = yet, still | |||
**die hăsüs = not anymore (NOT "not yet") | |||
*yic = only | |||
*ămyic = (this) very | |||
*ătuach = even | |||
**comes before negative: ''Ătuach die thăgem mălitchow ef chäth fi.'' 'That child doesn't even want to communicate.' | |||
*tsmä = now | |||
*ătba = later | |||
*yă'ef = very, a lot | |||
*tămo = (''literary'') very, greatly | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
SVO; VSO in subordinate clauses with the subject marked with ''e''; but subordinate clauses are SVO when marked with the complementizer ''nga'' | SVO; VSO in subordinate clauses with the subject marked with ''e''; but subordinate clauses are SVO when marked with the complementizer ''nga'' |
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