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Minhast/Noun Incorporation: Difference between revisions
→Noun Incorporation in Intransitive Verbs
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== Noun Incorporation in Intransitive Verbs == | == Noun Incorporation in Intransitive Verbs == | ||
Although noun incorporation in Minhast is associated with transitive verbs, intransitive verbs may incorporate nouns. Stative verbs often incorporate oblique nominals to background them, thereby focusing on the single core argument. The following two examples, the first with no incorporation, and the second with incorporation of the oblique nominal ''-tipr-'' are semantically equivalent: | Although noun incorporation in Minhast is associated with transitive verbs, intransitive verbs may incorporate nouns. Stative verbs often incorporate oblique nominals to background them, thereby focusing on the single core argument. The following two examples, the first with no incorporation, and the second with incorporation of the oblique nominal ''-tipr-'' are semantically equivalent. The difference between the non-incorporated and incorporated versions is one of discourse purpose. | ||
In the first example, the speaker is explicitly adding information about the cause of his sickness. Additionally, he is introducing new information by explicitly mentioning the meat, as it had not yet been introduced into the discourse: | |||
1) Non-incorporated NP: | 1) Non-incorporated NP: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Tipiryār | |phrase = Tipiryār asunkuldekaran | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = tipr=yār kuld-ek-ar-an | | morphemes = tipr=yār kuld-ek-ar-an | ||
| gloss = flesh=from sick-1S.NOM-PST-INTR | | gloss = flesh=from INCH-sick-1S.NOM-PST-INTR | ||
| translation = I was sick from (infected) meat. | | translation = I was sick from (infected) meat. | ||
}} | }} | ||
In the second example, another speaker's focus is on being sick. What caused her to be sick is of secondary importance, and there is an underlying assumption that both the speaker and the listener already know about the meat in question, either by previous discourse or other means. In this case, earlier that morning the speaker and her brother had cleaned the refrigerator after an extended power outage: | |||
2) Incorporated NP: | 2) Incorporated NP: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = | |phrase = Asunkulittiprekaran | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = kuld-tipr-ek-ar-an | | morphemes = asum-kuld-tipr-ek-ar-an | ||
| gloss = sick-flesh-1S.NOM-PST-INTR | | gloss = INCH-sick-flesh-1S.NOM-PST-INTR | ||
| translation = I was sick from (infected) meat. | | translation = I was sick from the (infected) meat. | ||
}} | }} | ||