5,467
edits
Vadi: Difference between revisions
m
→Verbs
m (→Verbs) |
m (→Verbs) |
||
| Line 516: | Line 516: | ||
The language has a variety of converbs which appear before their head. These converbs encode modality, aspect, manner, and various adverbial meanings. The converbs may be separated from their head by other elements, such as illocutionary particles, discourse markers, etc. Common converbs include: | The language has a variety of converbs which appear before their head. These converbs encode modality, aspect, manner, and various adverbial meanings. The converbs may be separated from their head by other elements, such as illocutionary particles, discourse markers, etc. Common converbs include: | ||
*''sutu, sútu'': "and; additionally; to add"; a direct loan from Minhast ''suttu'' "and" | |||
*''ura'': "again; to repeat" | *''ura'': "again; to repeat" | ||
*''koni'': "to start, begin" | *''koni'': "to start, begin" | ||
| Line 528: | Line 529: | ||
*''oni'': "to be empty", in the context of the lawsuit, "There is no evidence that..." | *''oni'': "to be empty", in the context of the lawsuit, "There is no evidence that..." | ||
*''neko'': "to continue; still", in the context of the lawsuit, re-establishes a statement the litigant said that has been agreed by the Prefect to be true, setting up support for the next statement the litigant is going to say next, e.g. ''Neko Ápan jibái Yéso jibáitane!'', i.e. "Just as was established (by the Prefect earlier) that Ápan is mine, so is Yéso!" | *''neko'': "to continue; still", in the context of the lawsuit, re-establishes a statement the litigant said that has been agreed by the Prefect to be true, setting up support for the next statement the litigant is going to say next, e.g. ''Neko Ápan jibái Yéso jibáitane!'', i.e. "Just as was established (by the Prefect earlier) that Ápan is mine, so is Yéso!" | ||
*''penór'': privative, "to undo; to wash away"; in the context of the lawsuit, "to dismiss the charges (against me)", e.g. ''Neko hino jikátahai sonda, Ikúni mek Sorvinna penór mek piláhi!'', i.e. "Just as this lowly one has presented thee evidence and thou dost agree, I beseech thee, Lord, that thou dismissest Sorvin's accusations (against me)! | *''penór'': privative, "to undo; to wash away"; in the context of the lawsuit, "to dismiss the charges (against me)", e.g. ''Neko hino jikátahai sonda, Ikúni mek Sorvinna penór mek piláhi!'', i.e. "Just as this lowly one has presented thee evidence and thou dost agree, I beseech thee, Lord, that thou dismissest Sorvin's accusations (against me)!" | ||
In most instances, converbs can stand alone as bona-fide verbs, e.g. ''Úla ókapi hai hen!'' "You did lie!" | In most instances, converbs can stand alone as bona-fide verbs, e.g. ''Úla ókapi hai hen!'' "You did lie!" | ||