Pulqer: Difference between revisions

Pulqer (view source)

Revision as of 10:37, 12 February 2022

573 bytes removed , 12 February 2022

→‎Verbs

Psammead

803

edits

@@ Line 377: / Line 377: @@
 The prefixes are added to the verb in the order [subject] + [object] + [verb], e.g. ''cutiem'' "I love you", ''lilukrihean'' "they believed him", ''lusile'' "he washes himself", ''tutipiti'' "you saw yourself". If either the subject or object is a noun, the equivalent prefix is dropped, e.g. ''Malk l'em'' "Malk loves her", ''Cupiti Kraz'' "I saw Kraz", ''Culc sile'' "Culc washes herself".
-====Regular Conjugation====
+====Tense and Mood Markers====
+Conjugated verbs are marked for one of three moods (Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative) and two tenses (Past and Present). They also have an infinitive, present participle and past participle.
+The table below shows the three regular conjugations of verbs. Pink squares show where the present stem of the verb is used; in all other cases the past stem is used.
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ Regular Conjugations
 |-
 ! style="width: 100px"  | Mood
@@ Line 459: / Line 464: @@
 | ''-yt''
 |}
+====Non-Finite Forms====
+As described above, the '''infinitive''' is formed in all cases by the stem + the thematic vowel + ''-l''.
+The '''past participle''' is formed in the same way, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen", ''nakyt'' "injured".
+:: <small>Note: some old past participles are retained but have diverged in meaning from their original verbs, e.g. ''aret'' "correct, just; straight" < ''arekyl'' "rule". </small>
+The '''present participle''' is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else.
 ====Irregular Verbs====
+A number of irregular verbs exist. The most irregular is ''seśtyl'' "to be", which is the only verb to show distinct forms for persons in some categories.
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ ''Seśtyl'' "To Be"
+|-
+! style="width: 100px"  | Mood
+! colspan="2;" | Tense
+! style="width: 100px"  | 1st
+! style="width: 100px"  | 2nd
+! style="width: 100px"  | 3rd
+|-
+! rowspan="4;" | Indicative
+! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px" | Present
+! Sg
+|  ''su''
+|  ''se''
+|  ''seśt''
+|-
+! Pl
+|  ''sum''
+|  ''sut''
+|  ''sun''
+|-
+|-
+! rowspan="2;" | Past
+! Sg
+| colspan="3;" | ''sir''
+|-
+! Pl
+| colspan="3;" | ''siran''
+|-
+! rowspan="4;" | Subjunctive
+! rowspan="2;" | Present
+! Sg
+| colspan="3;" | ''si''
+|-
+! Pl
+|''sim''
+| ''sit''
+| ''sin''
+|-
+! rowspan="2;" | Past
+! Sg
+| colspan="3;" | ''ses''
+|-
+! Pl
+| colspan="3;" | ''sesen''
+|-
+! colspan="2;" rowspan="2;" | Imperative
+! Sg
+|
+| ''se''
+|
+|-
+! Pl
+|
+| ''seśt''
+|
+|-
+! colspan="3;" | Infinitive
+| colspan="3;" | ''seśtyl''
+|-
+|}
+The following are the other major irregular verbs:
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
 |-
@@ Line 543: / Line 623: @@
 |}
-====Non-Finite Forms====
-As described above, the '''infinitive''' is formed in all cases by the stem + the thematic vowel + ''-l''.
-The '''past participle''' is formed in the same way, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen", ''nakyt'' "injured".
-:: <small>Note: some old past participles are retained but have diverged in meaning from their original verbs, e.g. ''aret'' "correct, just; straight" < ''arekyl'' "rule". </small>
-The '''present participle''' is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else.
-====Finite Forms====
-Conjugated verb forms for regular verbs are limited in extent and usage, most verb tenses being created through periphrasis.
-Verbs are conjugated by tense, mood and number but not by person, so all conjugated regular verbs require an overt subject unless context implies the subject. The conjugated tenses are formed agglutinatively with the verb stem + tense/mood suffix + number ending.
-The number endings are -Ø for singular and ''-n'' for plural.
-{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
-|-
-! style="width: 100px"  | Mood
-! style="width: 100px"  | Tense
-! style="width: 100px"  | E-Verbs
-! style="width: 100px"  | I-Verbs
-! style="width: 100px"  | Y-Verbs
-|-
-! rowspan="2;" | Indicative
-! Present
-| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-an'' (pl.)
-| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-en'' (pl.)
-| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-un'' (pl.)
-|-
-! Past
-| -''ep'' (sg.) <br> ''-epan'' (pl.)
-| -''ip'' (sg.) <br> ''-ipan'' (pl.)
-| -''ip'' (sg.) <br> ''-ipan'' (pl.)
-|-
-! rowspan="2;" | Subjunctive
-! Present
-| -''er'' (sg.) <br> ''-eren'' (pl.)
-| ''-ir'' (sg.) <br> ''-iren'' (pl.)
-| -''yr'' (sg.) <br> ''-(y)ren'' (pl.)
-|-
-! Past
-| -''as'' (sg.) <br> ''-asen'' (pl.)
-| -''is'' (sg.) <br> ''-isen'' (pl.)
-| -''is'' (sg.) <br> ''-isen'' (pl.)
-|}
-Irregular
-{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
-|-
-! style="width: 100px"  | Mood
-! style="width: 100px"  | Tense
-! style="width: 100px"  | ''apil'' "have"
-! style="width: 100px"  | ''patil'' "go"
-|-
-! rowspan="2;" | Indicative
-! Present
-| ''a'' (sg.) <br> ''an'' (pl.)
-| ''pa'' (sg.) <br> ''pan'' (pl.)
-|-
-! Past
-| ''apip'' (sg.) <br> ''apipan'' (pl.)
-| ''patip'' (sg.) <br> ''patipan'' (pl.)
-|-
-! rowspan="2;" | Subjunctive
-! Present
-| ''apir'' (sg.) <br> ''apiren'' (pl.)
-| ''patir'' (sg.) <br> ''patiren'' (pl.)
-|-
-! Past
-| ''apis'' (sg.) <br> ''apisen'' (pl.)
-| ''patis'' (sg.) <br> ''patisen'' (pl.)
-|-
-! colspan="2;" | Present Participle
-| ''apent''
-| ''patent''
-|-
-! colspan="2;" | Past Participle
-| ''apit''
-| ''patit''
-|}
 To Be