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Sceptrian: Difference between revisions
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There are five ways of sound altering which may be used for grammatical purposes (mainly number, genitive case and imperfective aspect). In the native script the following are marked on the vowel. | There are five ways of sound altering which may be used for grammatical purposes (mainly number, genitive case and imperfective aspect). In the native script the following are marked on the vowel. | ||
*Lengthening: ''paata'' /pä:tä/ (separation), ''ée'' | *Lengthening: ''paata'' /pä:tä/ (separation), ''ée'' [ɛ:]~[ɛe̯], ''óo'' /ɔ:/ | ||
**Not used word-finally. | **Not used word-finally. | ||
*Lateral (release): ''pló'' /pˡɔ/ (opposite to), ''tlaf'' /tˡäf/ (sprig) | *Lateral (release): ''pló'' /pˡɔ/ (opposite to), ''tlaf'' /tˡäf/ (sprig) | ||
**Western dialects keep the tongue on the alveolar ridge during vowel pronunciation so that the vowels have a distinct l-sound. Historically, this may have lead to the syllabic l. | **Western dialects keep the tongue on the alveolar ridge during vowel pronunciation so that the vowels have a distinct l-sound. Historically, this may have lead to the syllabic l. | ||
*Aspiration/breathy voice: ''phó'' | *Aspiration/breathy voice: ''phó'' [pʰɔ]~[ɸɔ] (along), ''kébhar'' [kɛˈbʱɑ˞]~[kɛˈβɑ˞] (I will wash), ''tha'' [tʰä]~[θä] (abstract "it"), ''dhaka'' [dʱɑkä]~[ðɑkä] (abstract "that"). | ||
**Aspirated plosives of unstressed, schwa-syllables turn into the corresponding fricatives. In casual register, this happens with all unstressed syllables. ''dhoku'' /ðəˈkuˑ/ (head) | **Aspirated plosives of unstressed, schwa-syllables turn into the corresponding fricatives. In casual register, this happens with all unstressed syllables. ''dhoku'' /ðəˈkuˑ/ (head) | ||
*Nasalization: ''on'' | *Nasalization: ''on'' [ə̃]~[ɘ̃] (compare ''oń'' /ən/) when ''n'' in [[Sceptrian#Phonotactics|coda]] | ||
**Close vowels (u, o, ó and i) are always nasalized between two nasals and all vowels after short ng: ''mónge'' /mɔ̃ŋẽ/ (indeed), but nasalization does not occur with open vowels and long ''ńg'': ''dothé næńgé'' /dəˈθɛˑ næŋ:ɛˑ/ (O sweaty man!). | **Close vowels (u, o, ó and i) are always nasalized between two nasals and all vowels after short ng: ''mónge'' /mɔ̃ŋẽ/ (indeed), but nasalization does not occur with open vowels and long ''ńg'': ''dothé næńgé'' /dəˈθɛˑ næŋ:ɛˑ/ (O sweaty man!). | ||
*Rhotacization: ''or'' /ɚ/, ''ar'' /ä˞/ (compare ''oŕ'' | *Rhotacization: ''or'' /ɚ/, ''ar'' /ä˞/ (compare ''oŕ'' [ər]~[r̩] and ''aŕ'' /är/) | ||
**Nasalization does not occur simultaneously with rhoticization, except in Fanish dialect (near the border of Negovia): ''karon'' → ''karn'' | **Nasalization does not occur simultaneously with rhoticization, except in Fanish dialect (near the border of Negovia): ''karon'' → ''karn'' [kæ̃˞] (soup) | ||
===Consonant form=== | ===Consonant form=== | ||
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*When root contains vowels ''é, ó, i, æ'' or diphthongs ''ei, oi'', the apophony is only partial: ''luwidh, luwidh, luwuudh'' | *When root contains vowels ''é, ó, i, æ'' or diphthongs ''ei, oi'', the apophony is only partial: ''luwidh, luwidh, luwuudh'' | ||
*With ''ø'' and long vowels, all forms are usually the same. Formal register uses ''ée'' as the second apophony of ''ee''. | *With ''ø'' and long vowels, all forms are usually the same. Formal register uses ''ée'' as the second apophony of ''ee''. | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||