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Carpathian verbs: Difference between revisions
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Some irregular "e"-stem verbs have zero-grade ablaut in their root, usually those belonging to PIE bhárati-verbs: ''b'''è'''rōsa'' “I’m picking it up” — ''b'''i'''rā́hansa'' “I picked it up”, but ''g'''i'''dā́hū'' “I’m waiting” — ''g'''i'''dā́sun'' “I waited”. | Some irregular "e"-stem verbs have zero-grade ablaut in their root, usually those belonging to PIE bhárati-verbs: ''b'''è'''rōsa'' “I’m picking it up” — ''b'''i'''rā́hansa'' “I picked it up”, but ''g'''i'''dā́hū'' “I’m waiting” — ''g'''i'''dā́sun'' “I waited”. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+[[w:Imperfect|Imperfect]] | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | |||
! Athematic verbs | |||
! ''e''-stem verbs | |||
! ''ē''-stem verbs | |||
! ''ā''-stem verbs | |||
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem) | |||
|- | |||
!''skeistéi'' “to read” | |||
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend” | |||
!''turḗtei'' “to hold” | |||
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait” | |||
!''zirhḗtei'' “to ripen, to age” | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]] | |||
![[w:First person singular|1st sg]] | |||
|''skéitun'' | |||
|''stirhaũn'' | |||
|''turiáun'' | |||
|''gidiáun'' | |||
|''zirhḗjaun'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]] | |||
|''skéis'' | |||
|''stirhē̃s'' | |||
|''turiḗs'' | |||
|''gidā́s'' | |||
|''zirhḗjēs'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]] | |||
|''skéi'' | |||
|''stirhē̃'' | |||
|''turiḗ'' | |||
|''gidā́'' | |||
|''zirhḗjē'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]] | |||
![[w:First person plural|1st du]] | |||
|''skitē̃wā'' | |||
|''stirhē̃wā'' | |||
|''turḗwā'' | |||
|''gidā́wā'' | |||
|''zirhējḗwā'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]] | |||
|''skitē̃tā'' | |||
|''stirhē̃tā'' | |||
|''turḗtā'' | |||
|''gidā́tā'' | |||
|''zirhējḗtā'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du]] | |||
|''skitē̃tis'' | |||
|''stirhē̃tis'' | |||
|''turḗtis'' | |||
|''gidā́tis'' | |||
|''zirhējḗtis'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Plural|Plural]] | |||
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | |||
|''skitē̃me'' | |||
|''stirhē̃me'' | |||
|''turiḗme'' | |||
|''gidā́me'' | |||
|''zirhējḗme'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]] | |||
|''skitē̃te'' | |||
|''stirhē̃te'' | |||
|''turiḗte'' | |||
|''gidā́te'' | |||
|''zirhējḗte'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]] | |||
|''skiteñ'' | |||
|''stirheñ'' | |||
|''turējeñ'' | |||
|''gidāseñ'' | |||
|''zirhējeñ'' | |||
|} | |||
The imperfect forms are often substituted with an analytic construction: ''"bē"'' + infinitive — ''bē skeistei'' “he/she was reading”. The imperfect forms of athematic and "e"-stem verbs have zero-ablaut in their roots: ''sk'''i'''tēwā'' “we two were reading” but ''sk'''ei'''twā'' “we two are reading”. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] | |+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] | ||