Luthic: Difference between revisions

1,319 bytes removed ,  30 May
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! rowspan=2| [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan=2| [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan=2| [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan=2| [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan=2| [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan=2| [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
|-
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|plain}}
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| [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
| [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
| [[w:Labialization|(ŋʷ)]]
| [[w:Labialization|(ŋʷ)]]
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|-
|-
!rowspan=2| [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
!rowspan=2| [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]], [[w:Aspirated consonant|pʰ]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]
| [[w:Voiceless dental plosive|t]], [[w:Aspirated consonant|tʰ]]
| [[w:Voiceless dental plosive|t]]
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| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]], [[w:Aspirated consonant|kʰ]]
| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]
| [[w:Labialization|kʷ]]
| [[w:Labialization|kʷ]]
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|-
|-
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
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| [[w:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]]
| [[w:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]]
| [[w:Labialization|ɡʷ]]
| [[w:Labialization|ɡʷ]]
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|
|-
|-
!rowspan=2| [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!rowspan=2| [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial fricative|ɸ]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]
| [[w:Voiceless palatal fricative|(ç)]]
| [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|(x)]]
|
|
|
| [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|(h)]]
| [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]
|-
|-
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| [[w:Voiced bilabial fricative|β]]
| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
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|colspan=2|
| [[w:Voiceled velar fricative|ɣ]]
| [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]
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|-
|-
!rowspan=2| [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!rowspan=2| [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental affricate|(p͡f)]]
|  
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] [[w:Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate|(t͡θ)]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]
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|colspan=2|
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|-
|-
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
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| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
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|colspan=2|
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|-
|-
!rowspan=3| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
!rowspan=2| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! {{small|[[w:semivowel|semivowel]]}}
! {{small|[[w:semivowel|semivowel]]}}
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|
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| [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
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|-
|-
! {{small|[[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
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| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
| [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
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|-
! {{small|[[w:Tuscan gorgia|Gorgia Toscana]]}}
| [[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|(ʋ)]]
| [[w:Voiced dental approximant|(ð̞)]]
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| [[w:Voiced velar approximant|(ɣ˕)]]
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|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Flap consonant|Flap]]
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| [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
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|colspan=2|
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|-
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
!colspan=2| [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
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| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]]
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|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
| [[w:Voiced uvular trill|ʀ]]
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|}
|}


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* '''Plosives:'''
* '''Plosives:'''
** /p/, /pʰ/ and /b/ are purely labial.
** /p/ /b/ are purely bilabial.
** /t/, /tʰ/ and /d/ are laminal dentialveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[t̻, t̻ʰ, d̻]]].
** /t/ and /d/ are laminal dentialveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[t̻, d̻]]].
** /k/ and /ɡ/ are pre-velar [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive#cite_note-1|[k̟, ɡ̟]]] before /i, e, ɛ, j/.
** /k/ and /ɡ/ are pre-velar [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive#cite_note-1|[k̟, ɡ̟]]] before /i, e, ɛ, j/.
** /kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/ are palato-labialised [kᶣ, ɡᶣ] before /i, e, ɛ, j/.
** /kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/ are palato-labialised [kᶣ, ɡᶣ] before /i, e, ɛ, j/.


* '''Affricates:'''
* '''Affricates:'''
** /p͡f/ is bilabial–labiodental and is only found as a common allophone.
** /t͡θ/ is dental and is only found as a common allophone.
** /t͡s/ and /d͡z/ are dentalised laminal alveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[t̻͡s̪, d̻͡z̪]]].
** /t͡s/ and /d͡z/ are dentalised laminal alveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[t̻͡s̪, d̻͡z̪]]].
** /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ are strongly labialised palato-alveolar [[w:Labialization|[t͡ʃʷ, d͡ʒʷ]]].
** /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ are strongly labialised palato-alveolar [[w:Labialization|[t͡ʃʷ, d͡ʒʷ]]].


* '''Fricatives:'''
* '''Fricatives:'''
** /f/ and /v/ are labiodental.
** /ɸ/ and /β/ are bidental.
** /θ/ is dental.
** /θ/ and /ð/ are laminal dentialveolar.
** /s/ and /z/ are laminal alveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[s̻, z̻]]].
** /s/ and /z/ are laminal alveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[s̻, z̻]]].
** /ʃ/ is strongly labialised palato-alveolar [[w:Labialization|[ʃʷ]]].
** /ʃ/ is strongly labialised palato-alveolar [[w:Labialization|[ʃʷ]]].
** /x/ is velar, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
** /x/ and /ɣ/ are velar, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
** /ʁ/ is uvular, but in anlaut is in free variation with [h].
** /h/ is glottal, but is in free variation with [x ~ ʁ], /h/ is palatal [ç] nearby /i, e, ɛ, j/. Word initial /h/ is often dropped off.


* '''Approximants, flap, trill and laterals:'''
* '''Approximants, trill and laterals:'''
** /ʋ/ is labiodental, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
** /ð̞/ is dental, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
** /j/ and /w/ are always geminate when intervocalic.
** /j/ and /w/ are always geminate when intervocalic.
** /ɾ/ is alveolar [ɾ].
** /r/ is alveolar [r].
** /ɣ˕/ is velar, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
** /ʀ/ is uvular [ʀ], but is in free variation with alveolar [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|[r]]].
** /l/ is laminal alveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[l̻]]].
** /l/ is laminal alveolar [[w:Laminal consonant|[l̻]]].
** /ʎ/ is alveolo-palatal, always geminate when intervocalic.
** /ʎ/ is alveolo-palatal, always geminate when intervocalic.
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