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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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* /ʁ/ can be [[w:Velar consonant|velar]], [[w:Uvular consonant|uvular]], or [[w:Glottal consonant|glottal]] and may be voiceless unless between voiced sounds. | * /ʁ/ can be [[w:Velar consonant|velar]], [[w:Uvular consonant|uvular]], or [[w:Glottal consonant|glottal]] and may be voiceless unless between voiced sounds. | ||
* /kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/ may be realised as [kw] and [ɡw] instead. | * /kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/ may be realised as [kw] and [ɡw] instead. | ||
* /ɲ/ is often realised as [[w:Nasal palatal approximant|[j̃]]], which [[w:Nasalization|nasalises]] the preceding vowel | * /ɲ/ is often realised as [[w:Nasal palatal approximant|[j̃]]], which [[w:Nasalization|nasalises]] the preceding vowel. | ||
* /ŋ/ is often realised as [[w:Nasal labial–velar approximant|[w̃]]], which nasalises the preceding vowel | * /ŋ/ is often realised as [[w:Nasal labial–velar approximant|[w̃]]], which nasalises the preceding vowel. | ||
* /j, w/ are often realised as [[w:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|[ɪ̯]], [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ̯]]] in unstressed position | * /j, w/ are often realised as [[w:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|[ɪ̯]], [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ̯]]] in unstressed position. | ||
* /s/ and /z/ are normally [[w:Laminal consonant|lamino-alveolar]], as in English | * /s/ and /z/ are normally [[w:Laminal consonant|lamino-alveolar]], as in English. | ||
* As phonemes, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ occur only in loanwords, but due to palatalisation, they are also found as [[w:Allophone|allophones]] of /t/ and /d/ before /i/, /ĩ/ and /j/ | * As phonemes, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ occur only in loanwords, but due to palatalisation, they are also found as [[w:Allophone|allophones]] of /t/ and /d/ before /i/, /ĩ/ and /j/. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ '''Vowel phonemes of Standard Luthic''' | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="2"|[[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
!colspan="2"|[[w:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
!colspan="2"|[[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
!{{small|oral}} | |||
!{{small|nasal}} | |||
!{{small|oral}} | |||
!{{small|nasal}} | |||
!{{small|oral}} | |||
!{{small|nasal}} | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | |||
|[[w:Nasalization|ĩ]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|[[w:Nasalization|ũ]] | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
|[[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | |||
|[[w:Nasalization|ẽ]] | |||
|colspan="2"| | |||
|[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | |||
|[[w:Nasalization|õ]] | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
|[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | |||
| | |||
|[[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] | |||
|[[w:Nasalization|ɐ̃]] | |||
|[[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
|colspan="2"| | |||
|[[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
| | |||
|colspan="2"| | |||
|} | |||
* /u/ is laxed to [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|[ʊ]]] if unstressed. | |||
* /i/ is laxed to [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|[ɪ]]] if unstressed. | |||
* /e/ is often realised as [i] if unstressed. | |||
* Nasalised /e/ and /o/ are often “diphthongised”, resulting in /ẽ/ > [ẽȷ̃], /õ/ > [õw̃]. | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||