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|nan'''ayartiak'''
|nan'''ayartiak'''
|}
|}
==== Conjugations ====
Verbs, in Laceyiam, are divided in four conjugations. They are easily distinguished by their infinitive ending, which is the citation form of the verb. The main difference between them is the thematic vowel added to the stem.
* The '''first '''conjugation uses /a/ as the thematic vowel and includes infinitives ending in '''-ake''' or '''-aike; '''this latter class is identified as '''1ai '''and has a different behaviour in the past tense. This is probably the most common conjugation, also because that's the one most denominal suffixes use.
* The '''second '''conjugation uses /e/ as the thematic vowel, and its infinitives end in '''-eke'''.
* The '''third '''conjugation uses /i/ (Classical /y/) as the thematic vowel, and its infinitives end in '''-yke'''.
* The '''fourth '''conjugation has no thematic vowel and as such it includes two categories of verbs: those with consonant-final roots, which have an infinitive ending in a consonant plus '''-ke '''(or, rarely, because of saṃdhi, '''-ge'''), and those with vowel-final roots, whose infinitive end in a vowel plus '''-ke'''. Note that there are some verbs - like ''nake ''"to think" - where a final /a e i/ is part of the root and not a thematic vowel, and may be mistaken at first for verbs belonging to other conjugations. A few fourth conjugation verbs also have allomorphic roots depending on whether the added ending begins with a vowel or with a consonant, like ''gṇyauke ''"to give birth/to be born" (root ''gṇyāv-/gṇyau-'').
Apart from these four conjugations, there are some completely irregular verbs (e.g. ''haiske ''"to be", ''milke ''"to take", ''kirake ''"to love") and also six regular sub-patterns in some tenses, three of which are independent from the four regular conjugation patterns (that is, those verbs may be of any of them in the other tenses). They are all relics of independent aspect formations from PCT:
* '''-ah verbs''', which add '''-ah '''or '''-ą '''to the root while forming their present tense - most notably ''lilke ''"to live".
* '''-st- verbs''', which add '''-st '''in the present tense - the most common is ''męlyke ''"to give".
* '''-ėyi- verbs''', which add '''-ėyi- '''(stressed) to the root in the present - like ''hūrtake ''"to shake, tremble, vibrate".
* '''-au-/-ei- verbs, '''counted as first conjugation (with infinitives in '''-auke'''), have an '''-au-''' stem-ending suffix in the present which becomes '''-ei-''' in the past - they are relics of a regular PCT derivation forming dynamic verbs. Examples are ''meinauke ''"to watch" or ''blinauke ''"to remember".
* '''-āti-/-it- verbs''' are all counted as fourth conjugation (infinitives in '''-ātike''') and have an '''-āti-''' stem-ending suffix in the present which becomes '''-it- '''in the past - like ''yihātike ''"to understand".
* '''-ėra- verbs''' are first conjugation verbs, which are extremely common as '''-ėra- '''is the main verb-forming denominal suffix in Laceyiam. They use slightly different endings from other verbs of the same conjugations - compare for example ''keipavið ''"you go" and ''paiktāṃliėryð'' "you climb a tree".
==== Indicative present and imperative ====
The indicative present and the imperative use, for most verbs, the same stem. In the indicative present, apart from the four regular patterns, '''-ah-, -st-, -ėyi-, '''and '''-ėra- '''verbs are distinguished. The following table is the conjugation for regular verbs in the indicative present, exterior, patient-trigger voice:
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work)
!hväldeke (to choose)
!läðlyke (to help)
!ūtiraṃke (to write)
!lilke (to live)
!męlyke (to give)
!humbėrake (to spice)
!hūrtake (to shake)
|-
|1SG
|pūn'''u'''
|hväld'''ėyu'''
|läðl'''ȳ'''
|ūtiram'''iu'''
|lil'''ah'''
|męl'''ściu'''
|humbėr'''iu'''
|hūrt'''ėyiu'''
|-
|2SG
|pūn'''avið'''
|hväld'''evið'''
|läðl'''yvið'''
|ūtiram'''við'''
|lil'''ąvið'''
|męl'''ścið'''
|humbėr'''yð'''
|hūrt'''ėyið'''
|-
|3SG
|pūn'''ar'''
|hväld'''er'''
|läðl'''yr'''
|ūtiram'''ar'''
|lil'''ah'''
|męl'''star'''
|humbėr'''ar'''
|<span>hūrt</span>'''ėyir'''
|-
|1PL
|pūn'''asām'''
|hväld'''esām'''
|läðl'''ysām'''
|ūtiraṃ'''sām'''
|lil'''ahām'''
|męl'''stisām'''
|humbėr'''isām'''
|<span>hūrt</span>'''ėyisām'''
|-
|2PL
|pūn'''akām'''
|hväld'''ekām'''
|läðl'''ykām'''
|ūtiraṃ'''kām'''
|lil'''ąkām'''
|męl'''stām'''
|humbėr'''ikām'''
|<span>hūrt</span>'''ėyikām'''
|-
|3PL
|pūn'''athās'''
|hväld'''ethās'''
|läðl'''ythās'''
|ūtiraṃ'''thās'''
|lil'''aṣṭhās'''
|męl'''stathās'''
|humbėra'''thās'''
|<span>hūrt</span>'''ėyithās'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūn'''ęe'''
|hväld'''ęe'''
|läðl'''ęe'''
|ūtiram'''ęe'''
|lil'''ahęe'''
|męl'''stęe'''
|humbėr'''ęe'''
|hūrt'''ėyęe'''
|-
|Adv.
|pūn'''amāṇi'''
|hväld'''emāṇi'''
|läðl'''ymāṇi'''
|ūtiram'''māṇi'''
|lil'''ąmāṇi'''
|męl'''stmāṇi'''
|humbėr'''māṇi'''
|hūrt'''eimāṇi'''
|}
The only different pattern applies to the first person singular in the first and fourth conjugation: roots which end in '''-l, -r, -m, -v, -c,''' '''-ch''', or, for fourth conjugation verbs, in a vowel, use '''-iu'''; all others use just '''-u''' (notice both forms in ''pūn-u'' and ''ūtiram-iu''). A particular trait of speakers from some parts of Eastern Laltīmāhia, including rural Nėniyūkat diocese (but not the urban area of Nanūhimarta), is the pronunciation of the first person singular of '''-ėyi- '''verbs as [ˈeːjiju], which is sometimes reflected in writing (c.f. ''hūrtėyiu ''> ''hūrtėyiyu''), especially in novels or comics, in order to stress a rural Eastern origin of certain characters. ''-ėyiyu ''was however sometimes found in early Classical Age texts.
The following table is the conjugation of patient-trigger exterior imperatives ('''-st- '''and '''-ėyi- '''verbs are not distinguished here; note also the lack of attributive and adverbial forms): 
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work)
!hväldeke (to choose)
!läðlyke (to help)
!ūtiraṃke (to write)
!lilke (to live)
!humbėrake (to spice)
|-
|1SG
|pūn'''āṣa'''
|hväld'''āṣa'''
|läðl'''āṣa'''
|ūtiram'''āṣa'''
|lil'''ąuṣa'''
|humbėr'''āṣa'''
|-
|2SG
|pūn
|hväld'''e'''
|läðl'''y'''
|ūtiram
|lil'''ą'''
|humbėra
|-
|3SG
|pūn'''ās'''
|hväld'''ās'''
|läðl'''ās'''
|ūtiram'''ās'''
|lil'''ąs'''
|humbėr'''ās'''
|-
|1PL
|pūn'''araṭhā'''
|hväld'''eraṭhā'''
|läðl'''yraṭhā'''
|ūtiraṃ'''rathā'''
|lil'''ąraṭhā'''
|humbėr'''athā'''
|-
|2PL
|pūn'''ę'''
|hväld'''ę'''
|läðl'''ę'''
|ūtiramę
|lil'''ahę'''
|humbėr'''ę'''
|-
|3PL
|pūn'''ethi'''
|hväld'''ithi'''
|läðl'''ithi'''
|ūtiram'''ithi'''
|lil'''ęthi'''
|humbėr'''ithi'''
|}
First person singular imperatives (which derive from PCT subjunctive endings) describe a strong obligation. Second person singular imperatives in the four regular patterns actually have a zero-ending (as in ''pūn''); the final vowel is always the thematic one of the conjugation and appears following these rules:
* The root ends in any consonant cluster except '''-ss, -ṃss, '''or '''-lss.'''
* The root ends in any single consonant except for nasals, unaspirated voiceless stops (but '''-c '''and '''-ʔ '''do require a vowel), '''-s, -ð, -h, -r, '''or '''-l'''.
* Fourth conjugation verbs almost always use '''-i '''as the added vowel, but '''-u''' after labial consonants, sibilants, -'''ʔ''', and '''-r'''.
The forms for interior verbs distinguish the same stem types. <u>Important note:</u> attributive and adverbial forms, while present (and extensively used) are not included in the following table as they are completely identical to those of exterior verbs (in fact, verbs with different exterior/interior meanings need to disambiguate these forms by context). In addition, <span>"to be" is omitted in the translation for </span>verbs that are translated into English by adjectives in order to save space; [rf/rc] means that the English verb translated is reflexive or reciprocal: 
{| class="article-table"
!
!khārake (new)
!läyveke (small)
!mālkyke (tall, high)
!bhāṇḍatke (to hide [rf/rc])
!lälekke (to believe in oneself)
!primęlyke (to return)
!huʔake (to have hiccough)
|-
|1SG
|khār'''āmiss'''
|läyv'''emiss'''
|mālk'''ymiss'''
|bhāṇḍat'''miss'''
|lälek'''ąmiss'''
|primęl'''stamiss'''
|huʔ'''ėyimiss'''
|-
|2SG
|khār'''ąus'''
|läyv'''ąus'''
|mālk'''iąus'''
|bhāṇḍat'''ąus'''
|lälek'''ąus'''
|primęl'''stąus'''
|huʔ'''ėyiąus'''
|-
|3SG
|khār'''ąu'''
|läyv'''ąu'''
|mālk'''iąu'''
|bhāṇḍat'''ąu'''
|lälek'''ahąu'''
|primęl'''stąu'''
|huʔ'''ėyiąu'''
|-
|1PL
|khār'''aśię'''
|läyv'''eśię'''
|mālk'''yśię'''
|bhāṇḍa'''cię'''
|lälek'''ąśię'''
|<span>primęl</span>'''stiśię'''
|huʔ'''ėyiśię'''
|-
|2PL
|khār'''akię'''
|läyv'''ekię'''
|mālky'''kię'''
|bhāṇḍa'''ktię'''
|lälek'''ąkię'''
|<span>primęl</span>'''stię'''
|huʔ'''ėyikię'''
|-
|3PL
|khār'''adhį'''
|läyv'''edhį'''
|mālk'''ydhį'''
|bhāṇḍa'''ndhį'''
|lälek'''ądhį'''
|<span>primęl</span>'''stadhį'''
|huʔ'''ėyidhį'''
|}
Note that the plural forms of ''bhāṇḍatke ''are morphemically ''bhāṇḍat-śię'', ''bhāṇḍat-kię, bhāṇḍat-dhį'', regularly modified by saṃdhi. As for meanings, ''primęlyke ''(a prefixed derivation from ''męlyke ''"to give"), means "to return" as interior but "to give back" as exterior. '''-ėra- '''verbs are not included to save space, as the only difference from regular first conjugation verbs is the short vowel ('''-amiss '''instead of '''-āmiss'''; compare ''khārāmiss ''"I am new" and ''śeimėramiss ''"I am poor").
In colloquial speech, the '''-ąu''' ending may be substituted by the lone thematic vowel in the first three conjugations, so, for example, it's fairly common to hear forms like ''tami khāra ''instead of ''tami khārąu ''for "it is new".
Interior imperative forms have even less variation between the various conjugations than the exterior forms: 
{| class="article-table"
!
!khārake (new)
!läyveke (small)
!mālkyke (tall, high)
!bhāṇḍatke (to hide [rf/rc])
!lälekke (to believe in oneself)
!śeimėrake (poor)
|-
|1SG
|khār'''ālss'''
|läyv'''ālss'''
|mālk'''ālss'''
|bhāṇḍat'''ālss'''
|lälek'''ąulss'''
|śeimėr'''ālss'''
|-
|2SG
|khār'''āmbi'''
|läyv'''āmbi'''
|mālk'''āmbi'''
|bhāṇḍat'''āmbi'''
|lälek'''ąmbi'''
|śeimėr'''ambi'''
|-
|3SG
|khār'''øt'''
|läyv'''øt'''
|mālk'''øt'''
|bhāṇḍat'''øt'''
|lälek'''ąut'''
|śeimėr'''øt'''
|-
|1PL
|khār'''arṭhį'''
|läyv'''erṭhį'''
|mālk'''yrṭhį'''
|bhāṇḍat'''urṭhį'''
|lälek'''ąrṭhį'''
|śeimėr'''ṭhį'''
|-
|2PL
|khār'''ėnį'''
|läyv'''ėnį'''
|mālk'''ėnį'''
|bhāṇḍat'''ėnį'''
|lälek'''ahęn'''
|śeimėr'''ęn'''
|-
|3PL
|khār'''endį'''
|läyv'''endį'''
|mālk'''endį'''
|bhāṇḍat'''endį'''
|lälek'''endį'''
|śeimėr'''endį'''
|}
The first person plural form in fourth conjugation verbs has the insertion of a vowel in order to prevent consonant clusters; the vowel is '''-i''' in most cases, except after sibilants, labial stops, and dental stops, where it is '''-u''' (like in ''bhāṇḍat-u-rṭhį'').
==== Indicative past perfective ====
The indicative past perfective (simply called ''past'') is regularly formed with a different set of terminations from the present. There are distinct forms for the four conjugation, but with the distinction between "regular" 1st conjugation verbs in '''-a''' and those in '''-ai'''. The following table is the conjugation for regular verbs in the indicative past, exterior, patient-trigger voice:
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work)
!kaitmaike (to study)
!hväldeke (to choose)
!läðlyke (to help)
!ūtiraṃke (to write)
|-
|1SG
|pūna'''m'''
|kaitm'''āyam'''
|hvälde'''m'''
|läðly'''m'''
|ūtiram'''um'''
|-
|2SG
|pūna'''ð'''
|kaitm'''āyað'''
|hvälde'''ð'''
|läðly'''ð'''
|ūtiram'''uð'''
|-
|3SG
|pūna'''t'''
|kaitm'''āyat'''
|hvälde'''t'''
|läðly'''t'''
|ūtiram'''ut'''
|-
|1PL
|pūn'''isė'''
|kaitm'''aisė'''
|hväld'''eisė'''
|läðl'''isė'''
|ūtiram'''isė'''
|-
|2PL
|pūn'''ikė'''
|kaitm'''aikė'''
|hväld'''eikė'''
|läðl'''ikė'''
|ūtiram'''ikė'''
|-
|3PL
|pūn'''ithė'''
|kaitm'''aithė'''
|hväld'''eithė'''
|läðl'''ithė'''
|ūtiram'''ithė'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūn'''āvęe'''
|kaitm'''āyāvęe'''
|hväld'''ėvęe'''
|läðl'''ȳvęe'''
|ūtiram'''āvęe'''
|-
|Adv.
|pūn'''aumāṇi'''
|kaitm'''āyaumāṇi'''
|hväld'''eymāṇi'''
|läðl'''ȳmāṇi'''
|ūtiram'''aumāṇi'''
|}
The rules for the epenthetic vowel in the fourth conjugation are the same used in the interior imperative, but '''-m''' takes epenthetic '''u''' instead of '''i'''.
The indicative interior patient-trigger past is easily derived from the exterior forms (again, attributive forms are exactly the same):
{| class="article-table"
!
!khārake (new)
!cāṃkraike (to end (intr), limit, border)
!läyveke (small)
!mālkyke (tall, high)
!<span>bhāṇḍatke (to hide [rf/rc])</span>
|-
|1SG
|khāra'''min'''
|cāṃkr'''āyamin'''
|läyve'''min'''
|mālky'''min'''
|bhāṇḍat'''min'''
|-
|2SG
|khāra'''ðin'''
|cāṃkr'''āyaðin'''
|läyve'''ðin'''
|mālky'''ðin'''
|bhāṇḍa'''þin'''
|-
|3SG
|khāra'''tin'''
|cāṃkr'''āyatin'''
|läyve'''tin'''
|mālky'''tin'''
|bhāṇḍat'''tin'''
|-
|1PL
|khār'''isān'''
|cāṃkr'''aisān'''
|läyv'''ėsān'''
|mālky'''sān'''
|bhāṇḍat'''isān'''
|-
|2PL
|khār'''ikhān'''
|cāṃkr'''aikhān'''
|läyv'''ėkhān'''
|mālky'''khān'''
|bhāṇḍat'''ikhān'''
|-
|3PL
|khār'''ithān'''
|cāṃkr'''aithān'''
|läyv'''ėthān'''
|mālky'''thān'''
|bhāṇḍat'''ithān'''
|}
Note the regular saṃdhi change ''bhāṇḍat-ðin > bhāṇḍaþin''.
==== Indicative past imperfective ====
The indicative past imperfective (or simply the ''imperfect'') uses yet another termination set. Here, '''-ėra- '''verbs are somewhat different from the other first conjugation ones. This table shows regular verbs in the indicative imperfect, exterior, patient-trigger voice:
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work)
!kaitmaike (to study)
!hväldeke (to choose)
!läðlyke (to help)
!ūtiraṃke (to write)
!humbėrake (to spice)
|-
|1SG
|pūn'''āmisu'''
|kaitm'''aumisu'''
|hväld'''ėmisu'''
|läðl'''ymisu'''
|ūtiram'''umisu'''
|humb'''ėrumisu'''
|-
|2SG
|pūn'''āmið'''
|kaitm'''aumið'''
|hväld'''ėmið'''
|läðl'''ymið'''
|ūtiram'''umið'''
|humb'''ėrumið'''
|-
|3SG
|pūn'''āmįt'''
|kaitm'''aumįt'''
|hväld'''ėmįt'''
|läðl'''ymįt'''
|ūtiram'''umįt'''
|humb'''ėrumįt'''
|-
|1PL
|pūn'''äṃsė'''
|kaitm'''äṃsė'''
|hväld'''äṃsė'''
|läðl'''ūmīsė'''
|ūtiram'''umīsė'''
|humb'''ėrumīsė'''
|-
|2PL
|pūn'''änik'''
|kaitm'''änik'''
|hväld'''änik'''
|läðl'''ūmik'''
|ūtiram'''umik'''
|humb'''ėrumik'''
|-
|3PL
|pūn'''ändė'''
|kaitm'''ändė'''
|hväld'''ändė'''
|läðl'''ūmīdė'''
|ūtiram'''umīdė'''
|humb'''ėrumīdė'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūn'''uṃsęe'''
|kaitm'''uṃsęe'''
|hväld'''uṃsęe'''
|läðl'''uṃsęe'''
|ūtiram'''āvęe'''
|humb'''ėruṃsęe'''
|-
|Adv.
|pūn'''umimāṇi'''
|kaitm'''umimāṇi'''
|hväld'''umimāṇi'''
|läðl'''umimāṇi'''
|ūtiram'''aumāṇi'''
|humb'''ėrmimāṇi'''
|}
In all fourth conjugation forms, the '''-u '''is part of the ending, with regular saṃdhi: after any ending root vowel that is not '''-u '''or '''-i''', a '''-v- '''is inserted; '''-i u-''' form '''-iu-''', while '''-u u-''' form '''-ū-'''.
The indicative interior patient-trigger imperfect is as follows:
{| class="article-table"
!
!khārake (new)
!cāṃkraike (to end (intr), limit, border)
!läyveke (small)
!mālkyke (tall, high)
!bhāṇḍatke (to hide [rf/rc])
!śėimėrake (poor)
|-
|1SG
|khār'''āmisen'''
|cāṃkr'''aumisen'''
|läyv'''ėmisen'''
|mālk'''ymisen'''
|bhāṇḍat'''umisen'''
|śeim'''ėrumisen'''
|-
|2SG
|khār'''āmiðen'''
|cāṃkr'''aumiðen'''
|läyv'''ėmiðen'''
|mālk'''ymiðen'''
|bhāṇḍat'''umiðen'''
|śeim'''ėrumiðen'''
|-
|3SG
|khār'''āmęn'''
|cāṃkr'''aumęn'''
|läyv'''ėmęn'''
|mālk'''ymęn'''
|bhāṇḍat'''umęn'''
|śeim'''ėrumęn'''
|-
|1PL
|khār'''äṃsan'''
|cāṃkr'''äṃsan'''
|läyv'''äṃsan'''
|mālk'''ūmīsan'''
|bhāṇḍat'''umīsan'''
|śeim'''ėrumīsan'''
|-
|2PL
|khār'''äkan'''
|cāṃkr'''äkan'''
|läyv'''äkan'''
|mālk'''ūmian'''
|bhāṇḍat'''umian'''
|śeim'''ėrumian'''
|-
|3PL
|khār'''ändan'''
|cāṃkr'''ändan'''
|läyv'''ändan'''
|mālk'''ūmīdan'''
|bhāṇḍat'''umīdan'''
|śeim'''ėrumīdan'''
|}
==== Indicative future and pluperfect tenses ====
The indicative future is an imperfective-aspect tense and it is completely regular in all conjugations, with only a small difference between first, second, and all other conjugations. All conjugations take the infinitive ('''-ke''' form) without the final '''-e''' (so stem + '''-k'''), but first and second conjugations (except for '''-aike''', '''-auke '''and '''-ātike '''infinitives) do not have that '''-k'''. Then, regular endings are added. The following table shows the indicative future, exterior, patient-trigger voice, with first, second and third conjugation (fourth conjugation, '''-aike''', '''-auke''', and '''-ātike''' verbs all conjugate like the third): 
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work)
!hväldeke (to choose)
!läðlyke (to help)
|-
|1SG
|pūn'''aiṣām'''
|hväld'''eiṣām'''
|läðlyk'''iṣām'''
|-
|2SG
|pūn'''aiṣāð'''
|hväld'''eiṣāð'''
|läðlyk'''iṣāð'''
|-
|3SG
|pūn'''aiṣār'''
|hväld'''eiṣār'''
|läðlyk'''iṣār'''
|-
|1PL
|pūn'''aikṣām'''
|hväld'''eikṣām'''
|läðlyk'''ikṣām'''
|-
|2PL
|pūn'''aikṣāð'''
|hväld'''eikṣāð'''
|läðlyk'''ikṣāð'''
|-
|3PL
|pūn'''aiṣṭhās'''
|hväld'''eiṣṭhās'''
|läðlyk'''iṣṭhās'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūn'''aiṣęe'''
|hväld'''eiṣęe'''
|läðlyk'''iṣęe'''
|-
|Adv.
|pūn'''aiṣmāṇi'''
|hväld'''eiṣmāṇi'''
|läðlyk'''iṣmāṇi'''
|}
The same pattern is used for the interior forms: 
{| class="article-table"
!
!khārake (new)
!läyveke (small)
!mālkyke (tall, high)
|-
|1SG
|khār'''aiṣmān'''
|läyv'''eiṣmān'''
|mālkyk'''iṣmān'''
|-
|2SG
|khār'''airdān'''
|läyv'''eirdān'''
|mālkyk'''irdān'''
|-
|3SG
|khār'''aiṣrān'''
|läyv'''eiṣrān'''
|mālkyk'''iṣrān'''
|-
|1PL
|khār'''aikṣmān'''
|läyv'''eikṣmān'''
|mālkyk'''ikṣmān'''
|-
|2PL
|khār'''aikṣeðān'''
|läyv'''eikṣeðān'''
|mālkyk'''ikṣeðān'''
|-
|3PL
|khār'''aiṣṭhąn'''
|läyv'''eiṣṭhąn'''
|mālkyk'''iṣṭhąn'''
|-
|Attrib.
|khār'''aiṣęe'''
|läyv'''eiṣęe'''
|mālkyk'''iṣęe'''
|-
|Adv.
|khār'''aiṣmāṇi'''
|läyv'''eiṣmāṇi'''
|mālkyk'''iṣmāṇi'''
|}
The pluperfect tense is formed in the same way but it is even simpler, as all conjugations keep that final '''-k''' before the endings. In this table for indicative patient-trigger pluperfect, ''pūnake ''shows the exterior forms and ''khārake ''the interior ones:
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work)
!khārake (new)
|-
|1SG
|pūnak'''auśim'''
|khārak'''auśmin'''
|-
|2SG
|pūnak'''auśið'''
|khārak'''auśiðen'''
|-
|3SG
|pūnak'''auśi'''
|khārak'''auśian'''
|-
|1PL
|pūnak'''aukṣi'''
|khārak'''aukṣian'''
|-
|2PL
|pūnak'''auseki'''
|khārak'''auskän'''
|-
|3PL
|pūnak'''auṣṭhe'''
|khārak'''auṣṭhän'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūnak'''auśięe'''
|khārak'''auśięe'''
|-
|Adv.
|pūnak'''auśmāṇi'''
|khārak'''auśmāṇi'''
|}
==== The hypothetical mood ====
The hypothetical mood is used mainly in ''if'' constructions (e.g. ''pūnatiam ''"if I work") and has special endings. Unlike the indicative, it only conjugates for aspect (imperfective vs. perfective) and not for tense. The perfective is regularly formed from the imperfective with '''-auś'''- between the stem and the ending.
Only the four basic conjugations are distinguished, each one keeping their thematic vowel in every imperfective form and lacking it in perfective forms. Fourth conjugation verbs whose root does not end in a vowel, or a single nasal, '''-r''', or '''-l''', add an epenthetic '''-a- '''in the imperfective; vowel-ending roots add '''-y-''' in the perfective.
<span>The following table includes </span>''pūnake ''<span>(exterior verb) and </span>''khārake ''<span>(interior verb)</span>'' ''<span>in hypothetical mood, both aspects.</span>
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work) (impf.)
!(perf.)
!khārake (new) (impf.)
!(perf.)
|-
|1SG
|pūna'''tiam'''
|pūn'''auśtiam'''
|khāra'''tėmin'''
|khār'''auśtėmin'''
|-
|2SG
|pūna'''tuð'''
|pūn'''auśtuð'''
|khāra'''tyðin'''
|khār'''auśtyðin'''
|-
|3SG
|pūna'''tar'''
|pūn'''auśtar'''
|khāra'''tärin'''
|khār'''auśtärin'''
|-
|1PL
|pūna'''tasa'''
|pūn'''auśtasa'''
|khāra'''tasen'''
|khār'''auśtasen'''
|-
|2PL
|pūna'''taka'''
|pūn'''auśtaka'''
|khāra'''taken'''
|khār'''auśtaken'''
|-
|3PL
|pūna'''tatha'''
|pūn'''auśtatha'''
|khāra'''tathen'''
|khār'''auśtathen'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūna'''tuvęe'''
|pūn'''auśtuvęe'''
|khāra'''tuvęe'''
|khār'''auśtuvęe'''
|-
|Adv.
|pūna'''tāmān'''
|pūn'''auśtāmān'''
|khāra'''tāmān'''
|khār'''auśtāmān'''
|}
==== The optative and propositive moods ====
The optative and propositive moods are formed by the same stem, just like the imperative and the indicative present. Like the hypothetical mood, the optative does only conjugate for aspect and not for tense.
The imperfective optative stem, also used for the propositive mood, is formed by adding '''-lęa- '''/ɴ̆eɦa/''' '''to the stem, but it undergoes different kinds of saṃdhi:
* After any vowel, '''-ss''', and the single consonants '''-p, -ph, -ch, -kh, -d, -j, -g, -dh, -gh, -ṣ, -ś, -v, -þ, -ð, -r, -l''', or any nasal, the optative suffix is simply '''-lęa- '''(note that nasals become '''-ṃ '''before '''-l''');
* '''-t, -th, -k, '''and '''-ʔ '''all become '''-kh''' before '''-lęa'''-;
* '''-ṭ, -ṭh, '''and '''-c''' become '''-ch''';
* '''-ḍ, -ḍh, '''and '''-jh''' become '''-j''';
* '''-s '''becomes '''-ś''';
* '''-h''' becomes '''-g '''and '''-l-''' is not added;
* After '''-b''' and '''-bh''', '''-r- '''is used instead of '''-l-'''.
* After any cluster, except '''-ss '''(and -'''lss '''and '''-ṃss'''), '''-l-''' is not added.
The perfective optative stem follows the same rules as the perfective hypothetical one, as it is formed by stem + '''-auś- '''+ '''-lęa-'''.
The following table includes ''pūnake ''(exterior) and ''khārake ''(interior) in all aspects of the optative mood and in the propositive mood:
{| class="article-table"
!
!pūnake (to work) (impf.)
!(perf.)
!(prop.)
!khārake (new) (impf.)
!(perf.)
!(prop.)
|-
|1SG
|pūṃ'''lęami'''
|pūn'''auślęami'''
|pūṃ'''lęāṣa'''
|khār'''lęamen'''
|khār'''auślęamen'''
|khār'''lęālss'''
|-
|2SG
|pūṃ'''lęaði'''
|pūn'''auślęaði'''
|pūṃ'''lęa'''
|khār'''lęaðen'''
|khār'''auślęaðen'''
|khār'''lęambi'''
|-
|3SG
|pūṃ'''lęar'''
|pūn'''auślęar'''
|pūṃ'''lęas'''
|khār'''lęarin'''
|khār'''auślęarin'''
|khār'''lęat'''
|-
|1PL
|pūṃ'''lęaśim'''
|pūn'''auślęaśim'''
|pūṃ'''lęaraṭhā'''
|khār'''lęaśmin'''
|khār'''auślęaśmin'''
|khār'''lęarṭhi'''
|-
|2PL
|pūṃ'''lęakim'''
|pūn'''auślęakim'''
|pūṃ'''lęayę'''
|khār'''lęammin'''
|khār'''auślęammin'''
|khār'''lęayenį'''
|-
|3PL
|pūṃ'''lęathi'''
|pūn'''auślęathi'''
|pūṃ'''lęaithi'''
|khār'''lęathen'''
|khār'''auślęathen'''
|khār'''lęandį'''
|-
|Attrib.
|pūṃ'''lęayęe'''
|pūn'''auślęayęe'''
|
|khār'''lęayęe'''
|khār'''auślęayęe'''
|
|-
|Adv.
|pūṃ'''lęamāṇi'''
|pūn'''auślęamāṇi'''
|
|khār'''lęamāṇi'''
|khār'''auślęamāṇi'''
|
|}
==== The desiderative mood ====
The desiderative mood, unlike the optative and hypothetical ones, conjugates for all tenses and aspects, in the same way as the indicative. The main difference is that it uses a special stem, which is formed with reduplication of the root plus '''-s '''(except for ''-ėra- ''verbs). The resulting stem conjugates as any fourth conjugation verb.
Reduplication adds the first consonant of the verb (except prefixes) and its first vowel (always oral short). There are however some special rules followed in reduplicating:
* Aspirated stops are always reduplicated as unaspirated;
* '''g- '''is always reduplicated as '''h-''', except for a few irregular verbs;
* '''h- '''is reduplicated as '''k- '''(also in '''hv-, hr-, hl-, hj-''');
* '''k- '''as '''ś-''';
* Initial clusters which begin with '''s-, ṣ-, ś-, '''or '''v-''' use the first consonant which is not one of them ('''śv- '''reduplicates as '''ś-''');
* Roots beginning with vowels are regular, reduplicating the otherwise allophonic initial '''ʔ'''.
* Prefixes are added before the reduplicated root.
Final added '''-s '''has some special saṃdhi rules, too (in addition to the usual ones):
* '''-d-s '''and '''-dh-s''' both become '''-ts''';
* After voiced stops, '''-s '''becomes '''-r '''and aspirated stops lose aspiration. '''-j-s '''and '''-jh-s '''both become '''-jl''';
* '''-ś-s '''becomes '''-kṣ''';
* '''-l-s '''becomes '''-lʲ '''when prevocalic and '''-lss '''when preconsonantal.
Examples of desiderative mood stems are:
* ''prādheke ''"to cut", root ''prādh-'' ''> pa-prādh-s'' > ''paprāts''-
* ''lehake ''"to eat", root ''leh- ''> ''le-leh-s ''> ''lelęs-''
* ''gṇyauke ''"to give birth/to be born", root ''gṇyāv- ''> ''ga-gṇyāv-s ''> ''hagṇyaus-''
* ''ūtiraṃke ''"to write", root ''ūtiram- ''> ''u-ūtiram-s ''> ''uʔūtiraṃs-''
* ''dīdaike ''"to know (someone)", root ''dīd- ''> ''di-dīd-s ''> ''didīts-''
* ''paigdīdaike ''"to get used to", root ''paik-dīd- ''> ''paik-di-dīd-s ''> ''paigdidīts-''
The main irregular desiderative stems are ''haiske ''"to be" > ''kęmbr-''; ''milke ''"to take" > ''mumlėk-''; and ''lilke ''"to live" > ''lailkṣ-''.
''-ėra- ''verbs do not reduplicate, but substitute ''-ėra- ''with ''-āyirṣa- ''instead (e.g. ''paijysėra- ''"to teach" > ''paijysāyirṣa- ''"to want to teach"). Note that for these verbs the synthetic desiderative is increasingly less common, being replaced by either ''infinitive +'' ''dauðike ''"to want" (Northern & Northwestern Laltīmāhia, Western and Central-Western Plains, Lāmiejāya delta area) or ''subjunctive + dauðike'' (most of the rest of Laltīmāhia). Note that in Northern Laltīmāhia the ''infinitive + dauðike ''construction is actually more common than the synthetic desiderative mood.
==== The necessitative mood ====
The necessitative mood is formed and conjugates much like the desiderative mood. Like it, its stem has initial reduplication and adds the '''-iṃśu- '''suffix, which conjugates as a fourth conjugation verb.
Reduplication is exactly like in the desiderative mood; the suffix undergoes the following saṃdhi rules:
* '''-a-i '''> '''-e-''' ; '''-ā-i '''> '''-ai'''
* '''-u-i, -ū-i, -y-i, -ȳ-i '''> '''-ui'''
* '''-e-i, -ė-i, -i-i, -ī-i '''> '''-ī'''
* '''-ä-i, -ø-i '''> '''-äy, -øy'''
* '''-o-i''' > '''-oʔi'''
* Final '''-s '''becomes '''-ś''' because of '''-i''';
* Roots ending in breathy-voiced vowels add '''-h''' instead of '''-s '''and the vowel becomes oral.
Examples: ''prādheke > paprādhiṃśu-; paigdīdaike'' > ''paigdidīdiṃśu''-; ''nake ''"to think" > ''naneṃśu-.''
''-ėra- ''verbs do not reduplicate, but ''-ėra- ''becomes ''-ėreṃśu- ''like for all other verbs.
==== The potential mood ====
The potential mood conjugates in all tenses and aspects too, but, unlike the necessitative and the desiderative ones, does not have initial reduplication. It is formed by adding '''-(e)nā- '''to the root and behaves as a fourth conjugation verb, adding an epenthetic '''-n''' before vocalic endings. Note that '''-r-nā-''' (like e.g. in all ''-ėra- ''verbs) becomes '''-rṇā- '''due to saṃdhi.
Examples: ''prādheke ''> ''prādhnā- ''; ''gṇyauke ''> ''gṇyaunā- ''; ''sėtrake ''"to ask" > ''sėtrenā-''.
A special case of saṃdhi occurs in roots which end in a single '''-g '''or '''-k''': this consonant becomes '''-gh '''and the '''-n''' in the suffix becomes retroflex, e.g. ''lälekke ''"to believe", root ''lälek- ''> ''läleghṇā-'' ; ''śńėgake ''"to say", root ''śńėg- ''> ''śńėghṇā-''.
==== The permissive mood ====
The permissive mood also conjugates in all tenses and aspects and is formed by adding '''-eiðu- '''before consonantal endings and '''-eidv- '''before vocalic ones.
Examples: ''pūnake ''> ''pūneiðu- ''> present indicative ''pūneidvu ''"I am allowed to work", ''pūneidvið, pūneiður...''
Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative) lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''lälekke ''> ''lälkeiðu-''.
==== The subjunctive mood ====
The subjunctive (or ''oblique'') mood conjugates in all tenses and aspects and is formed with initial reduplication (following the same rules of the necessitative and desiderative moods) and a suffix '''-āsmi- '''('''-yāsmi-''' after vowels, but '''-ā-āsmi- '''and '''-a-āsmi- '''contract to just '''-āsmi-''').
Examples: ''prādheke ''> ''paprādhāsmi- ''; ''pūnake ''> ''pupūnāsmi- ''; ''gṇyauke ''> ''gṇyāvāsmi-''.
Just like the permissive mood, subjunctive stems have unstressed vowel syncope too, e.g. ''lälekke > lälälkāsmi-''. ''-ėra- ''verbs do not have reduplication and just add ''-āsmi- ''(e.g. ''humbėrake > humbėrāsmi-'').
==== Secondary moods: evidentiality ====
The five secondary moods expressing evidentiality are all formed by taking a particular mood's stem, adding '''-(h)į '''to it and then another ending which conjugates like an indicative mood verb. The only exception is the subjunctive mood, which adds these features to the root alone and then adds the ''-āsmi- ''suffix (without reduplication).
The five evidential secondary moods are:
* Certainty evidential: '''-(h)į + nėn(u)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''"to work": indicative present ''pūnįnėnu, pūnįnėmvið, pūnįnėnur''...  past ''pūnįnėnum, pūnįnėnuð, pūnįnėnut...'', imperfect ''pūnįnėnumisu..., ''optative present ''pūṃlęahįnėnu''..., desiderative present ''pupūṃsįnėnu''..., but subjunctive present ''pūnįnėnāsmiu;''
* Deductive evidential: '''-(h)į + niau-/niāv- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįniāvu'' / ''pūnįniaum ''/ ''pūnįniaumisu'' / ''pupūṃsįniāvu'' / ''pūnįniāvāsmiu'';
* Dream situation evidential: '''-(h)į + bu(v)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįbuvu ''/ ''pūnįbum ''/ ''pūnįbumisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįbuvu'' / ''pūnįbuvāsmiu'';
* Invented situation evidential: '''-(h)į + kȳ(n)-''', which conjugates as a ''-st verb ''in the present''' '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįkȳściu ''/ ''pūnįkȳm ''/ ''pūnįkȳmisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįkȳnu ''/ ''pūnįkȳnāsmiu'';
* Inferential evidential: '''-(h)į + läm(e)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämem ''/ ''pūnįlämemisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämāsmiu.''
.
==== The verb "to be" (haiske) ====
The verb "to be" in Laceyiam is ''haiske'', and it is highly irregular because of ablaut and suppletion. Most of its forms derive from PCT *gə₂js- or some of its derivations, but the future tense is from *ba₁ɣməp- (to become). This table includes all of its indicative mood forms, plus the imperative: 
{| class="article-table"
!
!Present
!Past
!Imperfect
!Future
!Pluperfect
!Imperative
|-
|1SG
|jū
|høysu
|haitsumisu
|bąmbsti
|jaliauśim
|hiśvāṣa
|-
|2SG
|jīð
|hiśu
|haitsumið
|bąṃstuð
|jaliauśið
|hąi
|-
|3SG
|jar
|hiṣṭi
|haitsumįt
|bąmbstir
|jaliauśi
|hās
|-
|1PL
|jńām
|jeyśi
|haitsumīsė
|bąṃśām
|jaliaukṣi
|hiṣraṭḥā
|-
|2PL
|jńāð
|jeyki
|haitsumik
|bąṃstkām
|jaliauseki
|haisę
|-
|3PL
|jhis
|jeythe
|haitsumīdė
|bąṃsthās
|jaliauṣṭhe
|haiṣṭhi
|-
|Attrib.
|jalięe
|jālyvęe
|haitsuṃsęe
|bąmbstęe
|jaliauśięe
|
|-
|Adv.
|jaliemāṇi
|jalyvimāṇi
|haitsumimāṇi
|bąmbstumāṇi
|jaliauśmāṇi
|
|}
Note that the imperfect and pluperfect are actually regularly formed with the normal terminations and the stems ''haits- ''and ''jalʲ-'' respectively. In spoken Laceyiam, the past forms (''høysu, hiśu...'') are increasingly often used in place of the imperfect ones (''haitsumisu, haitsumið...'').
''haiske ''is usually defined as an exterior-only verb, but actually there is a single interior 3rd person singular form which is used in the existential construction. This form always needs the pronoun ''tami ''and an accusative argument. The forms are '''tami jąu''' (present), '''tami hiṣąu '''(past), '''tami haitsumęn '''(imperfect), '''tami bąmbstąu '''(future), and '''tami jaliauśian '''(pluperfect). An example construction is ''tami ėmīlau jąu ''"there is a tiger", with ''ėmīla ''"tiger" in the accusative case. Note that neither the verb nor the pronoun vary for number, thus "there are tigers" is ''tami ėmīlarau jąu.''


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