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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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===Exceptions for duals and plurals | ===Exceptions for duals and plurals=== | ||
A few Chlouvānem nouns have irregular plurals: | A few Chlouvānem nouns have irregular plurals: | ||
* The word ''chlouvānem'' itself is plural-only and irregular; direct and vocative are in ''-em'', but all other cases decline as a standard plural 1h noun (e.g. accusative ''chlouvānānu'', ergative ''chlouvānān'', genitive ''chlouvānumi''); | * The word ''chlouvānem'' itself is plural-only and irregular; direct and vocative are in ''-em'', but all other cases decline as a standard plural 1h noun (e.g. accusative ''chlouvānānu'', ergative ''chlouvānān'', genitive ''chlouvānumi''); | ||
* ''maila'' “water” does not have a dual form outside of colloquial use (where mailadi is used with the meaning of “two glasses of water” and has the irregular plural ''mailtiąa''. It declines as a ''singular'' 1h noun, with two exceptions, namely accusative in ''-ąu'' instead of expected *-ahu and genitive in ''-ąi'' instead of expected *-ahi. This plural form is actually common, used when talking about bodies of water in an area, water layers, glasses of water, and a few minor idiomatic uses (e.g. ''taili mailtiahe hilæflulke'', lit. “to arrive by crossing many waters”, meaning “to have had much experience”). | * ''maila'' “water” does not have a dual form outside of colloquial use (where ''mailadi'' is used with the meaning of “two glasses of water”) and has the irregular plural ''mailtiąa''. It declines as a ''singular'' 1h noun, with two exceptions, namely accusative in ''-ąu'' instead of expected *-ahu and genitive in ''-ąi'' instead of expected *-ahi. This plural form is actually common, used when talking about bodies of water in an area, water layers, glasses of water, and a few minor idiomatic uses (e.g. ''taili mailtiahe hilæflulke'', lit. “to arrive by crossing many waters”, meaning “to have had much experience”). | ||
* There are some pluralia tantum: ''pārye'' “hair”, ''kāraṇḍhai'' “guts”, and all ethnonyms; also ''agṇyaucai'' (perfect exterior participle, parrot plural, of ''gṇyauke'' “to give birth”) when used with the meaning of “sons and daughters”. | * There are some pluralia tantum: ''pārye'' “hair”, ''kāraṇḍhai'' “guts”, and all ethnonyms; also ''agṇyaucai'' (perfect exterior participle, parrot plural, of ''gṇyauke'' “to give birth”) when used with the meaning of “sons and daughters”. | ||
* A few nouns are singularia tantum: ''hærṣūs'' “lips”, ''maula'' “breasts”, ''kanai'' “spices”, ''paʔeh'' “dust”, ''nāmvāvi'' “dust (made by crushing something)”, ''måris'' “ash”, ''ñailūh'' “ice”. | * A few nouns are singularia tantum: ''hærṣūs'' “lips”, ''maula'' “breasts”, ''kanai'' “spices”, ''paʔeh'' “dust”, ''nāmvāvi'' “dust (made by crushing something)”, ''måris'' “ash”, ''ñailūh'' “ice”. | ||