Qino: Difference between revisions

***Feminine/Plural with absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-í'' - e.g. ''nafa'' "soul" → ''nafí''

***Absolutive ending in ''-e'' or ''-i'': ''-í'' - e.g. ''shimmirti'' "bird (sing.)" → ''shimmirtí''

**'''Genitive''': Used for possession ("of") and the object of some adpositions.

***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: -í - e.g. ''nama'' → ''namí''

*'''Secondary cases:'''

**'''Dative''': Used for recipient, benefactor, purpose, obligation ("to" or "for").

***Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-óo'' - e.g. ''nama'' → ''namoo''

***Absolutive ending in other short unstressed vowel: lengthen final vowel + final stress - e.g. ''shimmirti'' → ''shimmirtii''

***Independent form: ''oo''

**'''Ablative''': Used for source ("from"), comparison ("than"), "in regards to".

***Absolutive ending in vowel: ''-́k'' - e.g. ''nama'' → ''namak''

**'''Instrumental''': Used for instrument, means, agent, cause, time.

**'''Comitative''': Used for accompaniment ("in company with").

***Independent form: ''al''

**'''Locative''': Used for location. For more specific location, postpositions are used.

***Independent form: ''ad''

*'''Pseudo-cases:'''

**'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional and in the present indicative, the copula can be dropped entirely.

***Absolutive ending in long or stressed vowel: ''-dhe'' (declines as adjective), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only) - e.g. ''Faadhumá'' → ''Faadhumárhe, Faadhumárha''

***Independent forms of the copula: ''dha'' (invariant; present only), ''e'' (adjective declension), ''dhe'' (= ''dha + e''; adjective declension)