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Nankôre: Difference between revisions
Redid glosses, fixed grammatical mistakes and typos, added/changed explanatory text
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The Interrogatives manifest WH-movement, appearing immediately before the auxiliary ''itá' '' with rising intonation and a slight pause after the main VP. | The Interrogatives manifest WH-movement, appearing immediately before the auxiliary ''itá' '' with rising intonation and a slight pause after the main VP. Neither a quasi-incorporated noun or adjunct may appear between the Interrogative and the copula. | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase =Okep nari ayrarke, penóh hô'itá'? | |phrase =Okep nari ayrarke, penóh hô'itá'? | ||
| IPA = 'okɛp 'na:ri aɪ'rarke pe'noɦ ɦo: | | IPA = 'okɛp 'na:ri aɪ'rarke pe'noɦ ɦo:ʔɪ'taʔ | ||
| morphemes = Okep nari ayrarke, penóh hô-'itá' | | morphemes = Okep nari ayrarke, penóh Ø-hô-Ø-'itá-' | ||
| gloss = PN child spank why HOD- | | gloss = PN child spank why DIR-HOD-AGT.SG-COP-PT.SG | ||
| translation = Why did Okep spank (her) child earlier this morning? | | translation = Why did Okep spank (her) child earlier this morning? | ||
}} | }} | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase =Ka tahone, ra' taspitá'? | |phrase =Ka tahone, ra' taspitá'? | ||
| IPA = ka ta'ɦo:ne raʔ | | IPA = ka ta'ɦo:ne raʔ taʃpɪ'taʔ | ||
| morphemes = Ka ta | | morphemes = Ka ta=honé, ra' ta-sp-Ø-itá-' | ||
| gloss = 2S INV | | gloss = 2S INV.SG=cry who INV.SG-CAUS-AGT.SG-COP-PT.SG | ||
| translation = Who is making you cry? | | translation = Who is making you cry? | ||
}} | }} | ||
All Interrogatives can also serve as conjunctions, eg ''Hôri ak kosno | All Interrogatives can also serve as conjunctions, eg ''Hôri ak kosno itá' penóh Okep nari ayrarke-kor ho'itá''' (I did not hear/receive the news why Okep spanked (her) nephew early this morning"). | ||
Interrogatives can also serves as Conditionals by a ''=si'' Topicalization structure: | Interrogatives can also serves as Conditionals by a ''=si'' Topicalization structure: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Ra'si | |phrase = Ra'si karámpo taneknek ta'itá', siakos tamáko itá' | ||
| IPA = 'raʔʃi ka'rampo ta'nɛknek ' | | IPA = 'raʔʃi ka'rampo ta'nɛknek 'taʔɪtaʔ 'ʃakoʃ ta'mako ʔɪ'taʔ | ||
| morphemes = Ra'=si karampo ta=neknek | | morphemes = Ra'=si karampo ta=neknek ta-Ø-itá-Ø, si=akos tamakó Ø-itá' | ||
| gloss = Who=CONN bear INV=kill INV | | gloss = Who=CONN bear INV=kill INV.SG-.AGT.SG-COP-PT.SG CONN=1P danger.liability DIR-COP.SG | ||
| translation = Whoever slaughtered the bear (in this manner) is a danger to us all. | | translation = Whoever slaughtered the bear (in this manner) is a danger to us all. | ||
}} | }} | ||
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The Topic marker ''=si'' should not be confused with the Connective ''si='' that is linking the embedded clause to the matrix clause. The former is an enclitic, whereas the latter is a proclitic. | The Topic marker ''=si'' should not be confused with the Connective ''si='' that is linking the embedded clause to the matrix clause. The former is an enclitic, whereas the latter is a proclitic. | ||
Among the Interrogative pronouns, ''ra' '' ranks the highest in animacy, | Among the Interrogative pronouns, ''ra' '' ranks the highest in animacy; nevertheless, Interrogative pronouns are lower than non-Interrogative nouns in the animacy hierarchy. | ||
''Yôri-'' is always prefixed to the noun it modifies and can never appear as an independent word. It can be prefixed to ''pôh'' and ''ra' '', i.e. ''yôripoh'' and ''yôra' '', where it takes the meaning "which one", ''yôripoh'' for Noun Classes II and III, the sentient members of Class I, and ''yôra''' for the rest. | ''Yôri-'' is always prefixed to the noun it modifies and can never appear as an independent word. It can be prefixed to ''pôh'' and ''ra' '', i.e. ''yôripoh'' and ''yôra' '', where it takes the meaning "which one", ''yôripoh'' for Noun Classes II and III, the sentient members of Class I, and ''yôra''' for the rest. | ||