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Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs: Difference between revisions
Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs (view source)
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As mentioned before, (unprefixed) monodirectional verbs express a movement in a single direction: | As mentioned before, (unprefixed) monodirectional verbs express a movement in a single direction: | ||
: ''jāyim tarlāmahom fliven'' | : ''jāyim tarlāmahom fliven'' – the girl goes/is going (walks/is walking) to school. | ||
: ''keikom såtap vasau'' | : ''keikom såtap vasau'' – I took the subway to the park. | ||
: ''liliā ñæltai kitom jaje janāyų iliha'' | : ''liliā ñæltai kitom jaje janāyų iliha'' – my sisters have [just] swum home in the igarapé from the port. | ||
Note, in the last example, all three locative complements: the use of the locative case means that the whole action developed in the same place - concretely, that the igarapé was the way they followed home from the port.<br/>See also this example for a (maybe more familiar) movement on land: | Note, in the last example, all three locative complements: the use of the locative case means that the whole action developed in the same place - concretely, that the igarapé was the way they followed home from the port.<br/>See also this example for a (maybe more familiar) movement on land: | ||
: ''hælinaika taite juniāmiti lārvājuṣų saṃryojyami lātimom vasau'' | : ''hælinaika taite juniāmiti lārvājuṣų saṃryojyami lātimom vasau'' – I took Line 2 [of the Līlasuṃghāṇa Subway] from the Blossoming Temple [station] to Central Saṃryojyam [station]. | ||
The four main uses of multidirectional verbs are: | The four main uses of multidirectional verbs are: | ||
# Habitual actions: | # Habitual actions: | ||
#: ''jāyim tarlāmahom peithē'' | #: ''jāyim tarlāmahom peithē'' – the girl goes (walks) to school (regularly, every schoolday) | ||
#: ''saminą liliā ñæltai jaje lærṣaika'' | #: ''saminą liliā ñæltai jaje lærṣaika'' – when they were children, my sisters regularly swam in the igarapé. | ||
# Movement inside a specific location (often expressed with locative-trigger voice), without any specified direction. | # Movement inside a specific location (often expressed with locative-trigger voice), without any specified direction. | ||
#: ''jaja lærṣērā'' | #: ''jaja lærṣērā'' – as for the igarapé, someone is swimming in there. (literally "the igarapé, it is being swum") | ||
#: ''marte peithįm'' | #: ''marte peithįm'' – we walk around the city. (cf. Russian phrases with ''по'' as in ''мы ходим по городу'') | ||
# Gnomic or potential meanings (the latter are usually not marked with the potential ''junia'' if it's a natural trait - see second example): | # Gnomic or potential meanings (the latter are usually not marked with the potential ''junia'' if it's a natural trait - see second example): | ||
#: ''gūṇai mordhāhai'' | #: ''gūṇai mordhāhai'' – birds fly. | ||
#: ''sūrṣirāhe lalāruṇai pāmvyų lilų nanū dårbhāhaite'' | #: ''sūrṣirāhe lalāruṇai pāmvyų lilų nanū dårbhāhaite'' – large lalāruṇai [can] carry more than three people. | ||
# In the past and in both future tenses, they can mark completed movements, that is, movement to a place and then back again. The perfect has roughly the meaning of "...to have just come back". | # In the past and in both future tenses, they can mark completed movements, that is, movement to a place and then back again. The perfect has roughly the meaning of "...to have just come back". | ||
#: ''liliā buneya galiākinom mordhek'' | #: ''liliā buneya galiākinom mordhek'' – my older sister went (flew) to Galiākina [and came back]. | ||
#: ''liliā buneya galiākinom mudhek'' | #: ''liliā buneya galiākinom mudhek'' – my older sister went (flew) to Galiākina [and she was still there at the time relevant to the topic] – as a monodirectional verb, it may also mean "she was flying/going to Galiākina". | ||
#: ''liliā buneya galiākinom umudha'' | #: ''liliā buneya galiākinom umudha'' – my older sister has gone (has flown) to Galiākina [she's still there]. | ||
====Prefixed motion verbs==== | ====Prefixed motion verbs==== | ||