Lakovic languages: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lakovic !! colspan=2 | Talman !! colspan=2 | Western Bjeheondian !! colspan=2 | Tumhanian | ! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lakovic !! colspan=2 | Talman !! colspan=2 | Western Bjeheondian !! colspan=2 | Tumhanian | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[Windermere]]<br/>''Lăcoaf'' !! [[ | ! [[Windermere]]<br/>''Lăcoaf'' !! [[Häskä]] !! [[Tsjoen]]<br/>''Tsjoen'' !! [[Tergetian]] !! [[Schong]] !! [[Æ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *àdòn "one" | ! *àdòn "one" | ||
| doan || | | doan || odän || eudun || || || tů | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *rat "two" | ! *rat "two" | ||
| rath || || rat || || || ras | | rath || rat || rat || || || ras | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *sciw "three" | ! *sciw "three" | ||
| stiw || || sju || || || tjůb | | stiw || əscəw || sju || || || tjůb | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *mšàk "four" | ! *mšàk "four" | ||
| smech || || mpjeok || || njaai || njærb | | smech || əmšäk || mpjeok || || njaai || njærb | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *imǜc "five" | ! *imǜc "five" | ||
| müets || || eumjoets || || || vur | | müets || imüc || eumjoets || || || vur | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *dak "six" | ! *dak "six" | ||
| tach || || dak || || || tars | | tach || dak || dak || || || tars | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *àbòt "seven" | ! *àbòt "seven" | ||
| boath || || eubut || || || pob | | boath || obät || eubut || || || pob | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *słeb "eight" | ! *słeb "eight" | ||
| łep || | | łep || əxeb || xjep || || || læ̊g | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *ʔlòy "nine" | ! *ʔlòy "nine" | ||
| loay || | | loay || ʔoläy || eoloe || || || løb | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *tap "ten" | ! *tap "ten" | ||
| thaf || | | thaf || tap || tav || || || tås | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *suyàw "eleven" | ! *suyàw "eleven" | ||
| săyew || | | săyew || suyäw || seojo || || || søb | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *srük "twelve" | ! *srük "twelve" | ||
| srüch || | | srüch || üsrək || sryk || || || rurs | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 07:11, 3 July 2018
- Not to be confused with the Lahob languages.
| Lakovic | |
|---|---|
| Created by | – |
| Geographic distribution | Talma, Bjeheond, Etalocin |
| Linguistic classification | One of Tricin's primary language families |
| Proto-language | Proto-Lakovic |
| Subdivisions |
|
The Lakovic languages (/ləˈkoʊvɪk/ luh-KOHV-ik; Eevo: brits Lycóov; Rhythoed: fi imbrits Lăcoaf) are a language family native to Talma.
Todo
Other (short) suffixes?
Grimm's law for Windermere?
Lakovic should be huge
Urheimat: Talma
Phylogeny
- Proto-Lakovic
- Old Windermere
- Classical Windermere
- a Scots analog
- Tergetian
- Ksieħ
- Western Bjeheondian
- Tumhanian
- Old Windermere
Proto-Lakovic phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | |||||
| Stop | plain | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||
| Fricative | s /s̻/ | š /s̺/ | ś /ɬ/ | h /h/ | ||||
| Affricate | c /ts̻/ | č /ts̺/ | ć /tɬ/ | |||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | ||||
Vowels
Proto-Lakovic had 6 vowels and register tone:
i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/
ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice
Phonotactics
Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere.
Prefinal syllables only allowed the vowels /a i u/.
Stress
Stress was likely on the final syllable.
Proto-Lakovic morphology
Nouns
- direct case marker: id-
- indirect case marker: how-
Verbs and adjectives
Verbs and adjectives agreed with nouns in gender. For example:
- šmer toʔ = a good man (m);
- ʔama toʔs = a good mother (f)
Gender agreement was lost in most descendants, except in Tergetian and the West Bjeheondian languages.
TODO: triggers, aspects
Numbers
check Æ tone reflexes
- first, breathy voice gives 3/1 vs 2/4 split
- then final consonants and voicing gives various outcomes
| Proto-Lakovic | Talman | Western Bjeheondian | Tumhanian | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windermere Lăcoaf |
Häskä | Tsjoen Tsjoen |
Tergetian | Schong | Æ | |
| *àdòn "one" | doan | odän | eudun | tů | ||
| *rat "two" | rath | rat | rat | ras | ||
| *sciw "three" | stiw | əscəw | sju | tjůb | ||
| *mšàk "four" | smech | əmšäk | mpjeok | njaai | njærb | |
| *imǜc "five" | müets | imüc | eumjoets | vur | ||
| *dak "six" | tach | dak | dak | tars | ||
| *àbòt "seven" | boath | obät | eubut | pob | ||
| *słeb "eight" | łep | əxeb | xjep | læ̊g | ||
| *ʔlòy "nine" | loay | ʔoläy | eoloe | løb | ||
| *tap "ten" | thaf | tap | tav | tås | ||
| *suyàw "eleven" | săyew | suyäw | seojo | søb | ||
| *srük "twelve" | srüch | üsrək | sryk | rurs | ||
Derivational morphology
- Breathy voice ablaut: nominalization (f)
- bì-~bù- = agentive (m)
- tuha- = intensive
Proto-Lakovic syntax
Proto-Lakovic had flexible word order, but the most common word order was VSO.