Häskä: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement. | Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement. | ||
In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the syntax ''VERB ya-tsa'', lit. 'VERB with us (exc)'. | |||
Verbs and adjectives are actually predicate nouns, so a patient trigger verb can be used as a patient noun just by placing a case marker in front of it. | |||
====Aspect==== | |||
Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication. | |||
Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (''F'') or last consonant (''L'') | |||
*imperfective/stative = unmarked | |||
*perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with ''em-'' for others | |||
*prospective = ''hef-'' (closest equivalent of future tense) | |||
*momentane = ''bla-'' | |||
*progressive = ''ăL-'' | |||
*gnomic = ''FăL-'' | |||
*frequentative = ''eNFă-'' | |||
*inchoative/inceptive = ''oLă-'' | |||
*graduative = ''tăFa-'' | |||
====Intensive==== | |||
*''thu-'' = intensive prefix | |||
====Voice affixes==== | |||
Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed. | |||
*''‹ăc›'' = Dynamic passive | |||
*''‹ră›'', ''‹wă›'' = Stative passive | |||
*''‹ăb›'' = Reflexive | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
*yə- = adjectivizer | *yə- = adjectivizer |
Revision as of 01:40, 6 July 2018
Häskä | |
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Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
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Häskä (dülut Häskä /dʉlut hæskæ/; modern: sä dülut Häskä Bjeheond: [sɛ dʉlut hɛskɛ]; Fəxom: [sa dʉlut haska]) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic-inspired aesthetic. Modern Häskä is Tricin's lingua franca, and is official in the USB, Tumhan and Fəxom.
consonantism is conservative (except p > f); vowels harmonize
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ñ /ŋ/ | ||||
Stop | plain | (p /p/) | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | ||||
Fricative | f /f/ | s /s/ | x /ɬ/ | š /ʃ/ | h /h/ | ||
Affricate | c /ts/ | q /tɬ/ | č /tʃ/ | ||||
Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
a e i o u ä ə ü /ɑ e i o u æ ə ʉ/
in modern Häskä: ä-e merger in Bjeheondian Häskä, ä-a merger in Fəxomese Häskä
Morphology
Nouns
Häska nouns are either masculine or feminine. The feminine marker is -s or -əs.
Classical Häskä: Austronesian alignment?
Modern Häskä number markers:
- sä = singular
- ta = plural
- hän = collective
Verbs
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.
In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the syntax VERB ya-tsa, lit. 'VERB with us (exc)'.
Verbs and adjectives are actually predicate nouns, so a patient trigger verb can be used as a patient noun just by placing a case marker in front of it.
Aspect
Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.
Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)
- imperfective/stative = unmarked
- perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
- prospective = hef- (closest equivalent of future tense)
- momentane = bla-
- progressive = ăL-
- gnomic = FăL-
- frequentative = eNFă-
- inchoative/inceptive = oLă-
- graduative = tăFa-
Intensive
- thu- = intensive prefix
Voice affixes
Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.
- ‹ăc› = Dynamic passive
- ‹ră›, ‹wă› = Stative passive
- ‹ăb› = Reflexive
Derivational morphology
- yə- = adjectivizer