Schlaub: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 02:09, 18 November 2018
Schlaub/Lexicon
Schlaub/Swadesh list
Schlaub | |
---|---|
Ntzog Schlaub | |
Pronunciation | [/ⁿz̪o̤˧ ɬəʊ˨˧/] |
Created by | Praimhín, IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Hlou-Shum
| |
Schlaub (English: /(h)loʊ/ loh; natively: Ntzog Schlaub /ⁿtsʰo̤˧ ɬəu˨˧/; Windermere: brits Ław) is a Bjeheondian tonal language, inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages.
Background
As folk etymology has it, the name of the Hlou (Schlaub) people comes from the word schlaub 'temperate', thus 'of the temperate lands'.
Diachronics
Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ai au with ei ou into ei au /əɪ əʊ/. Even i u in some open syllables turned into ei au.
Rimes with glottal stop finals come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
ä > au; äh > oh
ë > ä; ëi > ei; ëh > äh
Phonology
Vowels
Hlou has 5 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
a e i o u ä ö = /a e i o u ã õ/
ah eh ih oh uh äh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -l tones]
ei ie au äu = /əi~ai iə~ia əu~au əũ~aũ/
Consonants
Hlou has about 65 initials.
Labial | Lamino- dental |
Apico- alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | ||||||
Nasal | voiceless | schm m̥ | schn n̥ | schnr ɳ̊ | |||||||||
voiced | m m | ml mˡ | n n | nl nˡ | nr ɳ | ||||||||
Plosive | tenuis | b p | bl pˡ | d t | dl tˡ | dr ʈ | drl ʈˡ | g k | gl kˡ | ʔ | |||
aspirated | p pʰ | pl pˡʰ | t tʰ | tl tˡʰ | tr ʈʰ | trl ʈˡʰ | k kʰ | kl kˡʰ | |||||
prenasalized | mb ᵐb | mbl ᵐbˡ | nd ⁿd | ndr ᶯɖ | ng ᵑɡ | ngl ᵑɡˡ | |||||||
mp ᵐpʰ | mpl ᵐpˡʰ | nt ⁿtʰ | ntr ᶯʈʰ | nk ᵑkʰ | nkl ᵑkˡʰ | ||||||||
Affricate | tenuis | dz ts̪ | ds ts̺ | dx tʃ | |||||||||
aspirated | pf pɸ | tz ts̪ʰ | ts ts̺ʰ | tx tʃʰ | |||||||||
prenasalized | ndz ⁿdz̪ | nds ⁿdz̺ | ndx ⁿdʒ | ||||||||||
mpf ᵐpɸ | ntz ⁿts̪ʰ | nts ⁿts̺ʰ | ntx ⁿtʃʰ | ||||||||||
Continuant | voiceless | f f | fl fˡ | z s̪ | s s̺ | schl ɬ | x ʃ | schr ʂ | sch ɧ | schw ʍ | h h | ||
voiced | v v | l l | j ʒ | r ʐ~ɻ | w w |
Tone
Schlaub has 8 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
Orthography | Tone | Example |
---|---|---|
∅ | mid level / mid falling / mid checked (33~32) | lau /ləu˧/ 'to plant' |
-n | low level / low checked (21~11) | laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile' |
-l | high rising / high checked (45~55) | Laul /ləu˦˥/ 'song' |
-b | low rising (23) | Laub /ləu˨˧/ 'spring (season)' |
-d | peaking / high falling (353~51) | Laud /ləu˧˥˧/ 'shoe' |
-g | breathy mid level (33 + breathy) | laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit' |
-s | dipping / low falling (313~31) | laus /ləu˧˩˧/ 'to receive' |
-ß | broken rising (3ˀ5) | Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle' |
The rarest tone is d.
Orthography
Traditional logography
Schngellstein's alphabet
Grammar
- Dahn dsaul weg zu Mpfein aus zu Schnod.
- /taʔ˧ ts̺əu˦˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ əu˧˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˧˥˧/
- 1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
- We speak about love and hate.
Are you saving it for me? = Zied dsohl ja nun xan ab? (2SG save 3SG.inan for 1SG INTERR)
we love him so we are welcoming him = Dahn mpfein so weil dahn nkeiß zu Schleib an so sein (1PL love 3SG.anim CONJ 1PL celebrate VN come GEN 3SG.anim PRES.PROG)
Pronouns
Personal
Person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1 | xan | bluß | dahn |
2 | zied | jeh | schlag |
3 | so (animate) ja (inanimate) |
nleib | zug |
2, 3 (respectful) | Sie |
Demonstrative
What | This | That | Any | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adnominal | nab | naus | nein | nan |
Place | drab | draus | drein | dran |
Manner/Extent | rab | raus | rein | ran |
Prepositions
- an = of
- bis = in, at
- je = from
- nun = for
- ob = vocative
- weg = about
- wie = to
- wen = like
Auxiliaries
- hab = causative
Particles
- sein = present progressive
- hin = past
- bei = future
- ihn = imperative
- mal = cohortative
- ab = interrogative (sentence final)
- eh = tag question (sentence final)
- da = exclamatory
- viel = softening
- eh = negative
- schon = prohibitive
- los = inchoative
- wohl = emphatic
Conjunctions
- aus = and
- in = or
- leid = but
- von = relative clause
- tun = complement clause
- daß = if
- weil = then, so, therefore
- bloß = because
Nouns
ein = definite article
die = indefinite article
Words are pluralized by reduplication.
Classifiers
Schlaub does not use classifiers, unlike other languages in the region.
Numerals
1-10: die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß
100: trleh
1000: schöd
Schm-reduplication
Hloh uses schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is often repeated.
"Leid xan dzahl heb die Nöl da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL "Nöl schmöl schmöl, zied mbuh ngäs man wohl!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH
Fossilized morphology
- PHS s-
- Schlähn 'tribe' < lähn 'three'
- schlaub 'temperate' < Laub 'spring'
- PHS -ʔ (reflected by tone change)
- -∅ > -b: Laub 'spring' < lau 'to plant'
- -g > -d: Lied 'art song' < lieg 'to tell a lie; (obsolete) to express'
Poetry
[Under construction]
Sample text
Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.
Bis Ndreib ein Schal dzeg flog die Ntzog aus die zu Wel meid hin.
LOC present DEF world whole have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST
As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub an ein Zohl wie Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na aus [nlub man] drein hin.
but [as] VN move GEN DEF people PREP east 3PL find INDEF plain PREP Shinar CONJ [settle] there PAST
They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly."
Aus ein Zohl tlau wie veß, "Ob bus Ngu aus nlaß zug [schlög schlög] mal."
CONJ DEF people say PREP one_another, VOC make brick CONJ fire_ceramic 3PL [throughly] COHORT
They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.
Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub aus Schrähl [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.
3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST
And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.
Aus zug tlau, "Ob ntsaus die Mbihl nun dahn aus bis ja die Nklohl von Schmaul [raug man] Ntse mal."
and 3PL say, VOC build INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky COHORT