Schlaub

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Schlaub

• Schlaub/Lexicon

Schlaub/Old

Schlaub/Swadesh list

Talk:

• Schlaub/Lexicon/NSFW

Schlaub
Wug Schlaub
Pronunciation	[/wṳ˧ ɬəʊ˥/]
Created by	Praimhín
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Hlou-Shum Hlouic Schlaub

Schlaub or Hlou (English: /(h)loʊ/ loh or homophonous with "hello"; natively: Wug Schlaub /wṳ˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing') is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages and the official language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub, a country in Mpfa Wieb.

Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs.

Todo

need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some)

Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb

On Beyond Zebra reference in forbidden syllables (syllables that do not correspond to any Schlaub word): Jus, Wub, Schwub, Mpfuh, Flud, Glig, Nuh, Schnie, Wön, Ntzad, Flub, Tzäs, Jog, Flön, Ieß, Jäg, Schnruß, Hie

Diachronics

Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ai au with ei ou into ei au /əɨ əʊ/. Even i u in some open syllables turned into ei au.

Glottal stop finals (-h in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.

*ã > äu; *ãʔ > oh

*ẽ > ä; *ẽj > ei; *ẽʔ > äh

Hlou had a vowel shift from the Proto-Hlouic ten vowel system: /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ/ by merging /ã ĩ ũ/ with their non-nasalized counterparts, and after that /ɛ̃/ shifted to /ã/

Phonology

Standard (Schlaub Bahn)

Vowels

Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.

a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ i ɨ ɔ u ã~ɛ̃ õ/

ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/

ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]

Consonants

Standard Hlou has 70 initials.

Hlou initials

		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Retroflex		Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral		plain	lateral		plain	lateral	plain	lateral
Nasal	voiceless	schm m̥	schml m̥ˡ		schn n̥			schnr ɳ̊
	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n	nl nˡ		nr ɳ	nrl ɳˡ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl tˡ		dr ʈ	drl ʈˡ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl tˡʰ		tr ʈʰ	trl ʈˡʰ	k kʰ	kl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	mb ᵐb	mbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd			ndr ᶯɖ		ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
		mp ᵐpʰ	mpl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ	ntl ⁿtˡʰ		ntr ᶯʈʰ	ntrl ᶯʈˡʰ	nk ᵑkʰ	nkl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis			dz ts̪	ds ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	pf pɸ		tz ts̪ʰ	ts ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized			ndz ⁿdz̪	nds ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
		mpf ᵐpɸ		ntz ⁿts̪ʰ	nts ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f	fl fˡ	z s̪	s s̺	schl ɬ	x ʃ	schr ʂ		sch ɧ~x		schw ʍ	h h
	voiced	v v				l l	j ʒ	r ʐ~ɻ				w w

Tone

Schlaub has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.

Orthography	Tone	Example	Suggested approximation
∅	mid level (33) / high checked (5)	lau /ləu˧/ 'to plant'	Vietnamese ngang / checked sắc
-n	low falling (21) / low checked (1)	laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'	Vietnamese huyền / checked nặng
-b	high level / high falling (55~53)	Laub /ləu˥˥/ 'leaf'	Cantonese tone 1
-d	dipping / mid falling (313~311)	Laud /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'	Hanoi Vietnamese hỏi
-g	breathy mid level (33 + breathy)	laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit'
-s	rising (24)	laus /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'	Hanoi Vietnamese non-checked sắc
-ß	broken rising (3ˀ5)	Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'	Hanoi Vietnamese ngã

Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d

Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops

Schlaub Glaß

The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.

Vowels

a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ ɪ i ɔ ʊ ɛ œ/

ei au äu = /ai aʊ ɔʏ/

ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -b tones (the latter written as -hl)]

Consonants

Schlaub Glaß initials

		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Palatal	Retroflex	Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral		plain	lateral				plain	lateral
Nasal	voiceless	schm m̥	schml m̥ˡ		schn n̥				schnr ɳ̊
	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n				nr ɳ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl cˡ			dr ʈ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl cˡʰ			tr ʈʰ	k kʰ	kl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	mb ᵐb	mbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd	ndl ᶮɟˡ			ndr ᶯɖ	ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
		mp ᵐpʰ	mpl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ	ntl ᶮcˡʰ			ntr ᶯʈʰ	nk ᵑkʰ	nkl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis	bv pv		dz ts̪	ds ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	pf pf		tz ts̪ʰ	ts ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized	mbv ᵐbv		ndz ⁿdz̪	nds ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
		mpf ᵐpf		ntz ⁿts̪ʰ	nts ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f		z s̪	s s̺	schl ɬ	x ʃ	schj ç	schr ʂ	sch ɧ ch x		schw ʍ	h h
	voiced	v v				l l, ł ɫ		j j	r ʐ~ɻ			w w

Tone

Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the d and g tones are merged into g.

Orthography

Hrảm Hlóu (Schräd La-Tin Schlaub)

This transliteration was created by Praimhín as an alternative to the German-inspired orthography.

Initials

		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Retroflex		Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral		plain	lateral		plain	lateral	plain	lateral
Nasal	voiceless	hm m̥	hml m̥ˡ		hn n̥			hnr ɳ̊
	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n	nl nˡ		nr ɳ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl tˡ		dr ʈ	drl ʈˡ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl tˡʰ		tr ʈʰ	trl ʈˡʰ	c kʰ	cl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	nb ᵐb	nbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd			ndr ᶯɖ		ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
		np ᵐpʰ	npl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ	ntl ⁿtˡʰ		ntr ᶯʈʰ		nc ᵑkʰ	ncl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis			ds ts̪	dσ ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	φ pɸ		ts ts̪ʰ	tσ ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized			nds ⁿdz̪	ndσ ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
		nφ ᵐpɸ		nts ⁿts̪ʰ	ntσ ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f	fl fˡ	s s̪	σ s̺	hl ɬ	x ʃ	hr ʂ		sg ɧ		hw ʍ	h h
	voiced	v v				l l	j ʒ	r ʐ~ɻ				w w

Vowels

a e i o u ei ou /a e i o u əi əu/

am om oum /ã~ɛ̃ õ ə̃u/

ac ec ic oc uc anc onc /aʔ eʔ iʔ oʔ uʔ/

Featural script

Cole's featural script for Schlaub.

Grammar

Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:

Die Wug mpes Nän sein.

/tɨ˧ wṳ˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/

INDEF bird_species drink water PROG

A wug is drinking water.

Xan schwei Ntxuhn bis Tu Mäb.

/ʃa˨˩ ʍəi˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥/

1SG have home in Tumhan

I live in Tumhan.

Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schrös.

/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/

1PL speak about VN love and VN hate

We speak about love and hate.

Dahn mpfein so, mplei dahn nkeiß Mbob so sein.

1PL love 3SG.A thus 1PL receive face 3SG.A PRES.PROG

We love him so we are welcoming him.

Pronouns

Personal

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1	xan	bluß	dahn
2	zied	jen	schlag
3	so (animate) ja (inanimate)	nleib	zug
2, 3 (respectful)	Sie
Impersonal	es
Reflexive	schwe

Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal es is used instead. For example, Es nlaß Ngu hin. (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'

Demonstrative

Correlatives

	What	This	That	Yon	Any
Pronominal	nab	naus	nein	nin	nan
Place	drab	draus	drein	drin	dran
Manner/Extent	rab	raus	rein	rin	ran

Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.

Hlou is wh-in-situ:

• Naus dzah nab? (this COP what) = What is this?
• Ndob naus dzah nab? (person this COP what) = Who is this?
• Zied be drab sein? (lit. you to where PROG) = Where are you going?
• dla rab? 'Why?', dla rein 'that's why' (Calquing vì sao, vì vậy)
• dlä rab nahn schluß... 'how to...' (lit. Do how in order to)
• dlä rab? 'What to do?'

Prepositions

• be = to; to go
• bis = in, at
• nre = on
• gan = without
• sä = with; to have
• in = of
• je = from
• dla = for; because of
• ob = vocative
• weg = about
• wi = away from
• schon = ago
• jaud = between

Auxiliaries

• hab = causative
• bleib = deliberately
• vein = accidentally

Xan bleib schäd Nduß hin.

I deliberately dropped the glass.

Xan vein schäd Nduß hin.

I accidentally dropped the glass.

Particles

• sein = present progressive
  • Present progressive can also be formed by reduplicating the verb
• hin = past
• bei = future
• aus = cohortative
• es = question
• eh = tag question
• da = exclamatory
• nreh = negative
• doh = prohibitive
• los = inchoative
• man = emphatic
• wein = (literary) alas!, woe is...
• tag = comparative
• nad = superlative
• zu = verb to noun

Conjunctions

• an = and
• tei = or
• vei = exclusive or
• leid = but
• von = relative clause
• tun = complement clause
• daß = if
• schluß = then, so, therefore
• nahn schluß = so that, in order to
• dsäus = because (lit. reason)

Nouns

ein = definite article (proper nouns such as Wug Schlaub do not take it)

wie = specific article

die = indefinite article

Words may be pluralized by reduplication: Ndob Ndob = people. Uncountable nouns have no plural form.

Polysyllabic words also have a null plural:

Nkaub, ob Blieb-Blas!

fly VOC butterfly

Fly, butterflies!

Verbs and adjectives

Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication.

ntsien = slow; ntsien ntsien 'slowly'

Numerals

1-10: die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß

100: trleh

10000: schöd

Numerals come before nouns:

So ploß beid weiß Sen.

3SG.AN son two ten year_of_age

He is 20 years old.

"The more... the more..."

X X SUBJ1, Y Y SUBJ2

"The more SUBJ X's, the more SUBJ2 Y's."

Xan eh schlaun Wiß j'ein zu Treig Treig. Lös lös xan, wäud wäud xan läß.

1SG NEG receive understanding from DEF INF happen happen. run run 1SG, become become 1SG fat.

I don't understand what's going on. The more I run, the fatter I get.

"Schm-reduplication"

Schlaub uses a form of schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is repeated.

"Leid xan dzah heb die Nöb da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL

"Nöb schmöb schmöb, zied mbuh ngäs man!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH

Fossilized morphology

• PHS s-
  • Schlähn 'tribe' < lähn 'three'
  • Schlaub 'year' < Laub 'leaf'
  • Schwiß 'plain' < biß 'flat'
• PHS -ʔ (reflected by tone change)
  • -g > -d: Lied 'art song' < lieg 'to tell a lie; (obsolete) to express'

Vocabulary

Hlou vocabulary is mostly native.

Chengyu

Hlou, like Chinese, has chengyu or "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.

• Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös) 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
• Nleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
• Schwas kö Schwas sihn 'reap what you sow' (lit. [If] rice sprouts, rice results)
  • riff on Quacumquasit Pond

Poetry

[Under construction. The poems are gibberish and are meant to illustrate the rhyme scheme.]

Rhyme

In addition to having the same rime, two words must rhyme in tone class in order to be considered to rhyme. -Ø, -b, -n are "flat" (mla) tones; -g, -d, -s, -ß and checked tones are "sharp" (dzäß) tones.

Virelai

The virelai (Hlou: Traun Ntzob) is a traditional Hlou poetic form. Although it is called the virelai in English, it borrows elements (like the rhyme scheme) from the Vietnamese lục bát.

Example [the poem is gibberish]:

Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,
Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.
Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,
Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.

Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,
blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlag,
klaub wie raug Mlob weis schrah zied Glu.

Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,
Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nreib,
Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlei raus Schmub.

Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlas,
An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Wauß,
schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaug,
klöh xan haud wie Trob, haus nun Tsun.

Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,
Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.
Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,
Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.

Burns stanza

A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter. This excerpt is from a poem by Schweid Täu-Rein.

Tlad Hei drlah Mbauß,
Xan schnuh zied nraug,
Xob Ndzäu beis schraus –
Ihn Vug –
Ngiß Tsahn we jaud
schrieb mbug.

Though [your] body must [become] soil,
I touch you up close,
The warm embrace nurturing
[The] leaf [of] learning;
A garden growing between [us],
[which will] last forever.

Holorime

Two lines with the same syllables but with different tones

Phrasebook

1. 'I love you': Xan lub zied. /ʃa˨˩ lu˥˥ s̪ɨ˧˩˧/

Sample texts

A poem

Au xäub xäub
Ihn taub taub
Zied an xan
Bluß Ndob Schlaub

1 John 3:15

Daß Ndob nan schrös ein Nleis schwe, schluß so dzah die Ndob schwad Ndob, an schlag sab tun die Ndob schwad Ndob eh schwei ein Jun mbug bis schwe.