Atlantic: Difference between revisions

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|-

! 3SG

| e || iaral || fuch || fiaral || sil || fussil || fiaril || sil

| ê || iaral || fuch || fiaral || sil || fussil || fiaril || sil

|-

! 1PL

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| hav'''enti''' || haiṭ || haiṭ'''ur''' || hav'''enn''' || hav'''iri'''

|}

====Periphrastic forms====

Rumonian verbs, in addition to the synthetic forms listed above, conjugate using an array of periphrastic forms:

* Present continuous: present participle + present of ''siḍiri''

*: e.g. ''trubanti sun'' "I'm singing"

* Past continuous: present participle + imperfect of ''siḍiri''

*: e.g. ''trubanti iara'' "I was singing"

* Past reportative (for most verbs) / simple past (for formerly deponent verbs): past participle + present of ''haviri'' (transitive verbs)/''siḍiri'' (intransitive)

*: e.g. ''truboṭ hal'' "[it's said that] (s)he sang" — ''aḍeut hoi'' "I got" — ''iṭ ê'' "[it's said that] (s)he went"

* Pluperfect reportative (for most verbs) / pluperfect (for formerly deponent verbs): past participle + imperfect of ''haviri'' (transitive verbs)/''siḍiri'' (intransitive)

*: e.g. ''truboṭ hival'' "[it's said that] (s)he had sung" — ''aḍeut hiva'' "I had got" — ''iṭ iaral'' "[it's said that] (s)he had gone"

* Future: future active participle + present of ''siḍiri''

*: e.g. ''truboṭur sun'' "I will sing"

* Future perfect: future active participle + ''iṭur'' (or ''fuṭur'') + present of ''siḍiri''

*: e.g. ''truboṭur iṭur/fuṭur sun'' "I will have sung"

The passive forms are also formed periphrastically, with a passive participle and the corresponding forms of ''siḍiri'':

* Present: ''truboṭ ê'' "it is [being] sung"

* Imperfect: ''truboṭ iaral'' "it was [being] sung"

* Past: ''truboṭ fuch'' "it has been/was sung"

* Pluperfect: ''truboṭ fiaral'' "it had been sung"

* Future: ''trubann ê'' "it will be sung"

* Future perfect: ''trubann iṭur/fuṭur ê'' "it will have been sung"

Uniquely among Romance languages, Rumonian has "pseudo-passive" forms which use ''aḍipisciri'' (to get, deponent) as an auxiliary verb: they are used with ditransitive verbs, and cast focus on the theme, as Rumonian being secundative means that in true passive forms it's the recipient which becomes subject. However, unlike in true passive forms, the theme is not the subject, and the verb conjugates for the (usually unstated) recipient:

* Present: ''aḍipisci doṭ'' "it is given [to me]"

* Imperfect: ''aḍipisciva doṭ'' "it was given [to me]"

* Past: ''hoi aḍeut doṭ'' "it has been/was given [to me]"

* Pluperfect: ''hiva aḍeut doṭ'' "it was been given [to me]"

* Future: ''aḍeutur sun doṭ'' "it will be given [to me]"

* Future perfect: ''aḍeutur iṭur/fuṭur sun doṭ'' "it will have been given [to me]"

Compare the three forms in this examples:

* '''Active:''' ''Lucia deḍil Francisc dûs cuḍixis.'' Lucia (subj.) gave Francis (recip.; obj.) the books (theme; ind. obj.).

* '''Passive:''' ''Francisc doṭ fuch lus cuḍixis tras Lucia.'' Francis (subj.) was given the books (obj.) by Lucia (agent).

* '''Pseudo-passive:''' Lus cuḍixis hal aḍeutus doṭus Francisc tras Lucia.'' The books (synt. obj.) were given to Francis (subj.) by Lucia (agent).

In the last sentence, we can note that the auxiliary form of ''haviri'' is in the third person singular, agreeing with "Francis", while the participles are masculine plural, agreeing with "the books".

==Texts==

@@ Line 400: / Line 400: @@
 |-
 ! 3SG
-| e || iaral || fuch || fiaral || sil || fussil || fiaril || sil
+| ê || iaral || fuch || fiaral || sil || fussil || fiaril || sil
 |-
 ! 1PL
@@ Line 444: / Line 444: @@
 | hav'''enti''' || haiṭ || haiṭ'''ur''' || hav'''enn''' || hav'''iri'''
 |}
+====Periphrastic forms====
+Rumonian verbs, in addition to the synthetic forms listed above, conjugate using an array of periphrastic forms:
+* Present continuous: present participle + present of ''siḍiri''
+*: e.g. ''trubanti sun'' "I'm singing"
+* Past continuous: present participle + imperfect of ''siḍiri''
+*: e.g. ''trubanti iara'' "I was singing"
+* Past reportative (for most verbs) / simple past (for formerly deponent verbs): past participle + present of ''haviri'' <small>(transitive verbs)</small>/''siḍiri'' <small>(intransitive)</small>
+*: e.g. ''truboṭ hal'' "[it's said that] (s)he sang" — ''aḍeut hoi'' "I got" — ''iṭ ê'' "[it's said that] (s)he went"
+* Pluperfect reportative (for most verbs) / pluperfect (for formerly deponent verbs): past participle + imperfect of ''haviri'' <small>(transitive verbs)</small>/''siḍiri'' <small>(intransitive)</small>
+*: e.g. ''truboṭ hival'' "[it's said that] (s)he had sung" — ''aḍeut hiva'' "I had got" — ''iṭ iaral'' "[it's said that] (s)he had gone"
+* Future: future active participle + present of ''siḍiri''
+*: e.g. ''truboṭur sun'' "I will sing"
+* Future perfect: future active participle + ''iṭur'' (or ''fuṭur'') + present of ''siḍiri''
+*: e.g. ''truboṭur iṭur/fuṭur sun'' "I will have sung"
+The passive forms are also formed periphrastically, with a passive participle and the corresponding forms of ''siḍiri'':
+* Present: ''truboṭ ê'' "it is [being] sung"
+* Imperfect: ''truboṭ iaral'' "it was [being] sung"
+* Past: ''truboṭ fuch'' "it has been/was sung"
+* Pluperfect: ''truboṭ fiaral'' "it had been sung"
+* Future: ''trubann ê'' "it will be sung"
+* Future perfect: ''trubann iṭur/fuṭur ê'' "it will have been sung"
+Uniquely among Romance languages, Rumonian has "pseudo-passive" forms which use ''aḍipisciri'' (to get, deponent) as an auxiliary verb: they are used with ditransitive verbs, and cast focus on the theme, as Rumonian being secundative means that in true passive forms it's the recipient which becomes subject. However, unlike in true passive forms, the theme is not the subject, and the verb conjugates for the (usually unstated) recipient:
+* Present: ''aḍipisci doṭ'' "it is given [to me]"
+* Imperfect: ''aḍipisciva doṭ'' "it was given [to me]"
+* Past: ''hoi aḍeut doṭ'' "it has been/was given [to me]"
+* Pluperfect: ''hiva aḍeut doṭ'' "it was been given [to me]"
+* Future: ''aḍeutur sun doṭ'' "it will be given [to me]"
+* Future perfect: ''aḍeutur iṭur/fuṭur sun doṭ'' "it will have been given [to me]"
+Compare the three forms in this examples:
+* '''Active:''' ''Lucia deḍil Francisc dûs cuḍixis.'' Lucia <small>(subj.)</small> gave Francis <small>(recip.; obj.)</small> the books <small>(theme; ind. obj.)</small>.
+* '''Passive:''' ''Francisc doṭ fuch lus cuḍixis tras Lucia.'' Francis <small>(subj.)</small> was given the books (obj.)</small> by Lucia <small>(agent)</small>.
+* '''Pseudo-passive:''' Lus cuḍixis hal aḍeutus doṭus Francisc tras Lucia.'' The books <small>(synt. obj.)</small> were given to Francis <small>(subj.)</small> by Lucia <small>(agent)</small>.
+In the last sentence, we can note that the auxiliary form of ''haviri'' is in the third person singular, agreeing with "Francis", while the participles are masculine plural, agreeing with "the books".
 ==Texts==