Contionary:werþen: Difference between revisions

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===Verb===
===Verb===
'''werthen''' (''irregular, third-person singular simple present'' '''wirt''', ''past tense'' '''worde''', ''past participle'' '''geworden''' , ''past subjunctive'' '''wyrde''', ''auxiliary'' '''wesen''')
'''werþen''' (''irregular, third-person singular simple present'' '''wirt''', ''past tense'' '''worde''', ''past participle'' '''geworden''' , ''past subjunctive'' '''wyrde''', ''auxiliary'' '''wesen''')


# to become
# to become
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{| class="wikitable alternance"
{| class="wikitable alternance"
  ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | infinitive
  ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | infinitive
  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werthen
  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werþen
  |-
  |-
  ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | present participle
  ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | present participle
  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werthend
  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werþend
  |-
  |-
  ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | past participle
  ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | past participle
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  |-
  |-
  ! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | present
  ! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | present
  | style="text-align:center" | ik werthe
  | style="text-align:center" | ik werþe
  | style="text-align:center" | wi werthen
  | style="text-align:center" | wi werþen
  | style="text-align:center" | ik werthe
  | style="text-align:center" | ik werþe
  | style="text-align:center" | wi werthen
  | style="text-align:center" | wi werþen
  |-
  |-
  | style="text-align:center" | thou wirst
  | style="text-align:center" | ðou wirst
  | style="text-align:center" | ji werthet
  | style="text-align:center" | ji werþet
  | style="text-align:center" | thou werthest
  | style="text-align:center" | ðou werþest
  | style="text-align:center" | ji werthet
  | style="text-align:center" | ji werþet
  |-
  |-
  | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit wirt
  | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit wirt
  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werthen
  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werþen
  | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit werthe
  | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit werþe
  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werthen
  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werþen
  |-
  |-
  ! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightgreen" | preterit
  ! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightgreen" | preterit
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  | style="text-align:center" | wi wyrden
  | style="text-align:center" | wi wyrden
  |-
  |-
  | style="text-align:center" | thou wordest
  | style="text-align:center" | ðou wordest
  | style="text-align:center" | ji wordet
  | style="text-align:center" | ji wordet
  | style="text-align:center" | thou wyrdest
  | style="text-align:center" | ðou wyrdest
  | style="text-align:center" | ji wyrdet
  | style="text-align:center" | ji wyrdet
  |-
  |-
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  |-
  |-
  ! scope="row" style="background-color:lightyellow" | imperative
  ! scope="row" style="background-color:lightyellow" | imperative
  | style="text-align:center" | werth
  | style="text-align:center" | werþ
  | style="text-align:center" | werthet (ji)
  | style="text-align:center" | werþet (ji)
  ! style="background-color:lightgrey" |   
  ! style="background-color:lightgrey" |   
  ! style="background-color:lightgrey" |   
  ! style="background-color:lightgrey" |   
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====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
* Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern first by shifting the /θ/ sound of its past participle root to a /d/ sound during the Old Skundavisk period, and then by replacing the regular past tense root ''warth'' by ''worde'' around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.
* Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern by replacing the regular past tense root ''warþ'' by ''worde'' around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.
* Most dialects use it as a passive auxiliary instead of the typically Kijlisk [[Contionary:beun|beun]].
* Most dialects use it as a passive auxiliary instead of the typically Kijlisk [[Contionary:beun|beun]].



Revision as of 22:21, 6 February 2025

Skundavisk

Etymology

From Middle Skundavisk verthen, verþen, from Old Skundavisk verþan, from Halmisk ᚹᛖᚱᚦᚨᚾ (werþan), from Proto-Germanic *werþaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /wɛɐθɘn/

Verb

werþen (irregular, third-person singular simple present wirt, past tense worde, past participle geworden , past subjunctive wyrde, auxiliary wesen)

  1. to become
    Lijf is swår geworden.
    Life has become difficult.

Inflection

infinitive werþen
present participle werþend
past participle geworden
auxiliary wesen
indicative subjunctive
present ik werþe wi werþen ik werþe wi werþen
ðou wirst ji werþet ðou werþest ji werþet
hi, si, hit wirt si, Si werþen hi, si, hit werþe si, Si werþen
preterit ik worde wi worden ik wyrde wi wyrden
ðou wordest ji wordet ðou wyrdest ji wyrdet
hi, si, hit worde si, Si worden hi, si, hit wyrde si, Si wyrden
imperative werþ werþet (ji)

Usage notes

  • Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern by replacing the regular past tense root warþ by worde around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.
  • Most dialects use it as a passive auxiliary instead of the typically Kijlisk beun.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms