Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions
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| name = ''Modern Gothic'' | | name = ''Modern Gothic'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nativename = '' | | nativename = Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, ''Gusanrazd''<br> Γnσɑvþɑþɔ, ''Gusenrard'' | ||
| pronunciation = | | pronunciation = /ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/ <br> /ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|creator=sjacik | |creator=sjacik | ||
|setting= | |setting=''Unnamed Alternate Timeline'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| state = | | state = Gothia | ||
| familycolor = Lightblue | | familycolor = Lightblue | ||
| fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]] | | fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]] | ||
| Line 25: | Line 24: | ||
|ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]] | |ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nation = | | nation = Gothia | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== Settings == | == Settings == | ||
Modern Gothic is used in | Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day. | ||
== Dialects == | == Dialects == | ||
Modern Gothic is divided into 2 branches: Coastal and Eastern. Coastal is comprised of both the Standard form of the language, as well as the Colloquial form which is closer to how the language is spoken in the modern day. Eastern Gothic is the term for a group of dialects that have diverged heavily from the coastal varieties.<br> | |||
From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard. | |||
=== Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | === Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | ||
==== General ==== | ==== General ==== | ||
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br> | /kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''qiman'' → ''* | * Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 ''qiman'' → ''*kwiman'' → pbμɑʒ ''kiomaz'' / pıμɜσ ''kimes'' / pbμσ ''kyms'', 'to come'. <br> | ||
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br> | /mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''himins'' → ''* | * Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 ''himins'' → ''*himms'' → εμμ ''emm'', 'heaven'. | ||
==== Elision ==== | ==== Elision ==== | ||
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel. | Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel. | ||
* Gothic ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ''almann'', 'German'. | * Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ɑлμɑvv ''almann'', 'German'. | ||
==== Metathesis ==== | ==== Metathesis ==== | ||
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br> | This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br> | * Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → μɑ̑p ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'. | * Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'. | ||
==== H-Lowering ==== | ==== H-Lowering ==== | ||
V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br> | V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''hardus'' → ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br> | * Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 ''hardus'' → ɑ̑þɔ ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → ''saa'', 'six'. | * Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → σɑɑ ''saa'', 'six'. | ||
==== W-Rounding ==== | ==== W-Rounding ==== | ||
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, | V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''wintrus'' → ''* | * Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 ''wintrus'' → ''*iontrus'' → bττþɑ ''iottra'' / ıττɜþ ''itter'' / bττþ NMG ''yttr'', 'winter'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''fidwor'' → '' | * Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 ''fidwor'' → çıɔoɑþ / çıɔoþ ''fidoar / fidor '', 'four'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''thiuda'' → ''thiudh / | * Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 ''thiuda'' → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ ''thiudh / thiuth'', 'people'. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ! !! Labial !! Dental !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || m || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> || | | Nasal || m || || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g || | | Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b || || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Affricate || || tʃ dʒ || || | | Affricate || || || tʃ dʒ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || t s ʃ ʒ || x || h<sup>4</sup> | | Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || θ ð || t s ʃ ʒ || x || (h)<sup>4</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Approximant || || || j || | | Approximant || || || || j || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Trill || || r || || | | Trill || || || r || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br> | <sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br> | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ! !! scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |||
| || Unrounded || Rounded || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Close || i iː iə̯ | | Close || i iː iə̯ || y yː yə̯ || ɨ ɨː || u uː uə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Close-mid || eː eə̯ | | Close-mid || ɪ eː eə̯ || øː øə̯ || || ʊ oː oə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ | | Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ ||œ œː œə̯ || ə || ɔ ɔː ɔə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Open || a aː aə̯ || || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ | | Open || a aː aə̯ || || || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br> | /ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br> | ||
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | ||
Revision as of 15:44, 19 July 2023
| Modern Gothic | |
|---|---|
| Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, Gusanrazd Γnσɑvþɑþɔ, Gusenrard | |
| Pronunciation | [/ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/ /ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/] |
| Created by | sjacik |
| Setting | Unnamed Alternate Timeline |
| Native to | Gothia |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Gothia |
Modern Gothic is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ.
Settings
Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day.
Dialects
Modern Gothic is divided into 2 branches: Coastal and Eastern. Coastal is comprised of both the Standard form of the language, as well as the Colloquial form which is closer to how the language is spoken in the modern day. Eastern Gothic is the term for a group of dialects that have diverged heavily from the coastal varieties.
From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard.
Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic
General
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/.
- Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 qiman → *kwiman → pbμɑʒ kiomaz / pıμɜσ kimes / pbμσ kyms, 'to come'.
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/.
- Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 himins → *himms → εμμ emm, 'heaven'.
Elision
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel.
- Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 alamanns → *almanns → ɑлμɑvv almann, 'German'.
Metathesis
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel.
- Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 marhs → *mahrs → μɑ̑p mȃr, 'horse'.
- Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 hlahjan → *lhahjn → ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs, 'to laugh'.
H-Lowering
V + h clusters, or h + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened.
- Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 hardus → ɑ̑þɔ ȃrd, 'hard'.
- Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 saihs → *saas → σɑɑ saa, 'six'.
W-Rounding
V + w clusters, or w + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded.
- Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 wintrus → *iontrus → bττþɑ iottra / ıττɜþ itter / bττþ NMG yttr, 'winter'.
- Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 fidwor → çıɔoɑþ / çıɔoþ fidoar / fidor , 'four'.
- Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 thiuda → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ thiudh / thiuth, 'people'.
Standard New Gothic
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Coronal | Dorsal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)1 | ||
| Stop | p2 b | t2 d | k2 g | ||
| Affricate | tʃ dʒ | ||||
| Fricative | f v3 | θ ð | t s ʃ ʒ | x | (h)4 |
| Approximant | j | ||||
| Trill | r |
1 /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops
2 The voiceless stops are unaspirated
3 /v/ is realized as [w] intervocally
4 /h/ is only found between vowels, and is used to break up vowel sequences
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | |||
| Close | i iː iə̯ | y yː yə̯ | ɨ ɨː | u uː uə̯ |
| Close-mid | ɪ eː eə̯ | øː øə̯ | ʊ oː oə̯ | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ | œ œː œə̯ | ə | ɔ ɔː ɔə̯ |
| Open | a aː aə̯ | ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ | ||
/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds.
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened.