Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions
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==Phonological laws== | ==Phonological laws== | ||
#''*qχ'' > ''*χ'' | #''*qχ'' > ''*χ'' | ||
#''*kʰ cʰ tʰ pʰ'' in order > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ | #''*kʰ cʰ tʰ pʰ'' in order > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ'' | ||
#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ'' | #''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ'' | ||
#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''mp, nt, lt, rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''mf, nth, lth, rth'' | #''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''mp, nt, lt, rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''mf, nth, lth, rth'' | ||
#''*nr'' > ''ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''ldr'' | #''*nr'' > ''ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''ldr'' | ||
#'' | #''*ç *ƶ'' | ||
#*> ''*θ *ð'' | |||
#*> ''*ɸ'' _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate] | |||
#''*k'' > ''*x'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''} | |||
#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/ckʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth'' | #''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/ckʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth'' | ||
#'''Tonogenesis event:''' ''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable | #'''Tonogenesis event:''' ''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable | ||
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#CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C | #CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C | ||
#''*ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]'' | #''*ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]'' | ||
#''*ʕ'' > ''*ħ'' | |||
#''*z'' > ''*r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}] | #''*z'' > ''*r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}] | ||
#''*h'' > [ː~] / _C[+fricative] | #''*h'' > [ː~] / _C[+fricative] | ||
Revision as of 04:12, 2 April 2014
Proto-Talsmic phonology
Consonant inventory
| Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | *p | *t | *c | *k | *q | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *ɟ | *g | ||||
| aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *cʰ | *kʰ | *qʰ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | *s | *ç | *h | ||||
| voiced | *z | *ƶ | *ʁ | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *j | ||||||
| Trill | *r | |||||||
| Lateral app. | *l | |||||||
/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].
Vocalic inventory
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i *ī | *u *ū | |
| Mid | *e *ē | *o *ō | |
| Open | *a *ā |
Phonological laws
- *qχ > *χ
- *kʰ cʰ tʰ pʰ in order > *x *ç *θ *ɸ
- *ʔ=ʔ > *ʔ
- *mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > mp, nt, lt, rt; *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > mf, nth, lth, rth
- *nr > ndr, *lr > ldr
- *ç *ƶ
- > *θ *ð
- > *ɸ _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate]
- *k > *x / _{d, t, ŧ}
- *tk, *ck *tkʰ/ckʰ > cht, chŧ, cth
- Tonogenesis event: *=ʔ > word-final tonic syllable
- *q *χ > *ʡ *ħ
- *ʁ
- > *ʕ except...
- > *w / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
- coronal obstruent + sibilanti > sibilantisibilanti
- CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
- Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
- CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
- *ıy[ː] > i[ː]
- *ʕ > *ħ
- *z > *r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
- *h > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
- *ʔ
- > [ː~] / _C
- > 0 / otherwise
- *ʡ
- > ħ / _{*t, *ŧ}