Valthungian/Intermediate Transcriptional Alphabet: Difference between revisions

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[[Category: Valthungian]]
[[Category: Valthungian]]
[[Category: Valthungian pages for updating]]


Phonetic transliteration is not used regularly in Gutish, but is used frequently when discussing issues of historical linguistic significance to the language.  This is a merger of the Romanization of Gutish and phonetic notation (IPA), aimed to be more precise than transliteration but less cumbersome than IPA.  Characters with standard values continue to be written with the Latin transliteration, but others may have slightly different values. For the purposes of historical comparison, a standardized character set is used for Proto-Germanic, Gothic, and Gutish. All three alphabets are used throughout this work; those using this phonetic transcription are enclosed in slashes (/); Latin transliteration is generally italicized.
Phonetic transliteration is not used regularly in Valthungian, but is used frequently when discussing issues of historical linguistic significance to the language.  This is a merger of the Romanization of Valthungian and phonetic notation (IPA), aimed to be more precise than transliteration but less cumbersome than IPA.  Characters with standard values continue to be written with the Latin transliteration, but others may have slightly different values. For the purposes of historical comparison, a standardized character set is used for Proto-Germanic, Gothic, Griutungi, and all stages of Valthungian. Standardised Romanisations are used throughout this work; those using this phonetic transcription are enclosed in slashes (/); transliterations are generally italicized.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!width=100| <center>Gothic</center> !!width=75| <center>Gothic Translit-eration</center> !!width=75| <center>IPA</center> !!width=100| <center>Transcription</center> !!width=75| <center>Gutish Translit-eration</center> !!width=100| <center>Gutish</center>
!width=75| Transcription
!width=75| Proto-Germanic
!width=75| Gothic  
!width=75| Gothic Translit-eration  
!width=75| IPA  
!width=75| Valthungian Translit-eration  
!width=75| Valthungian
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-a.png]]</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>ɑ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>a</center> || <center>a</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-a.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| a  
| a
|rowspan=2| 𐌰
| a  
| ɑ
| a
| [[File:Gutish-a.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>ā</center> || <center>ɑː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ā</center> || <center>ā</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-aa.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ā  
| ā
| ā  
| ɑː
| ā
| [[File:Gutish-aa.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-a.png]][[File:Gothic-j.png]]</center> || <center>aj</center> || <center>ɑi̯</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ai</center> || <center>ī</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-ii.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ai  
| ai
| 𐌰𐌾
| aj
| ɑi̯
| ē
| [[File:Gutish-ee.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-a.png]][[File:Gothic-w.png]]</center> || <center>aw</center> || <center>ɑu̯</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>au</center> || <center>ū</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-uu.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| au  
| au
| 𐌰𐍅
| aw
| ɑu̯
| ō
| [[File:Gutish-oo.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-b.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>b</center> || <center>b</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>b</center> || <center>b</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-b.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| b  
|rowspan=2| b  
|rowspan=2| 𐌱
|rowspan=2| b
| b
| b
| [[File:Gutish-b.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>β</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>β</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| β  
| β
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ʧ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>č</center> || <center>č</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-ch.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| č  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| ʧ
| č  
| [[File:Gutish-ch.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-d.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>d</center> || <center>d</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>d</center> || <center>d</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-d.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| d  
|rowspan=2| d  
|rowspan=2| 𐌳
|rowspan=2| d
| d
| d
| [[File:Gutish-d.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>ð</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ð</center> || <center>ð</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-dh.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ð  
| ð
| ð  
| [[File:Gutish-dh.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-a.png]][[File:Gothic-i.png]]</center> || <center>aí</center> || <center>ɛ~e̞</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>e</center> || <center>e</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-e.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| e  
| e
|rowspan=2| 𐌰𐌹
| aí
| ɛ~e̞
| e  
| [[File:Gutish-e.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>ai</center> ||  <center>ɛː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ɛ̄</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ɛ̄  
| ǣ
| ai
| ɛː
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ɛu̯</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>eu</center> || <center>eu</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-e.png]][[File:Gutish-u.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| eu  
| eu
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
| ɛu̯
| eu  
| [[File:Gutish-e.png]][[File:Gutish-u.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-e.png]]</center> || <center>ē</center> || <center>eː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ē</center> || <center>ǣ</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-ae.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ē  
| ē
| 𐌴
| ē
| eː
| ǣ  
| [[File:Gutish-ae.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-f.png]]</center> || <center>f</center> || <center>f</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>f</center> || <center>f</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-f.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| f  
| f
| 𐍆
| f
| f~ɸ
| f
| [[File:Gutish-f.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-g.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>g</center> || <center>g</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>g</center> || <center>g</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-g.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| g  
|rowspan=2| g  
|rowspan=2| 𐌲
|rowspan=2| g
| g
| g
| [[File:Gutish-g.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>ɣ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ɣ</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ɣ  
| ɣ
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-h.png]]</center> || <center>h</center> || <center>h</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>h</center> || <center>h</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-h.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| h  
| h
| 𐌷
| h  
| h~x
| h
| [[File:Gutish-h.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-hw.png]]</center> || <center>ƕ</center> || <center>hʷ~ʍ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>hw</center> || <center>hw</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-h.png]][[File:Gutish-w.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| hw  
| hw
| 𐍈
| ƕ
| hʷ~ʍ~xw
| hw  
| [[File:Gutish-h.png]][[File:Gutish-w.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-i.png]]</center> || <center>i</center> || <center>i~ɪ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>i</center> || <center>i</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-i.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| i  
| i
| 𐌹
| i
| i~ɪ
| i
| [[File:Gutish-i.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-e.png]][[File:Gothic-i.png]]</center> || <center>ei</center> || <center>iː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ī</center> || <center>ē</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-ee.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ī  
| ī
| 𐌴 𐌹
| ei
| iː
| ī
| [[File:Gutish-ii.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-j.png]]</center> || <center>j</center> || <center>j</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>j</center> || <center>j</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-j.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| j  
| j
| 𐌾
| j  
| j
| j
| [[File:Gutish-j.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-k.png]]</center> || <center>k</center> || <center>k~kʰ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>k</center> || <center>k</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-k.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| k  
| k
| 𐌺
| k
| k~kʰ
| k
| [[File:Gutish-k.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-q.png]]</center> || <center>q</center> || <center>kʷ~kw</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>kw</center> || <center>kw</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-k.png]][[File:Gutish-w.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| kw  
| kw
| 𐌵
| q
| kʷ~kw  
| kw
| [[File:Gutish-k.png]][[File:Gutish-w.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-l.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>l</center> || <center>l</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>l</center> || <center>l</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-l.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| l  
| l
|rowspan=2| 𐌻
|rowspan=2| l
| l  
| l
| [[File:Gutish-l.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>l̩</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>l̩</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| l̩  
|style="background:gray"|
|  l̩
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-m.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>m</center> || <center>m</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>m</center> || <center>m</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-m.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| m  
|  
|rowspan=2| 𐌼
|rowspan=2| m
| m  
| m
| [[File:Gutish-m.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>m̩</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>m̩</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| m̩  
|style="background:gray"|
|  m̩
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-n.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>n</center> || <center>n</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>n</center> || <center>n</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-n.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| n  
| n
|rowspan=2| 𐌽
|rowspan=2| n
| n  
| n
| [[File:Gutish-n.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>n̩</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>n̩</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| n̩  
|style="background:gray"|
|  n̩
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-g.png]][[File:Gothic-g.png]]</center> || <center>gg</center> || <center>ŋg</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ng</center> || <center>ng</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-g.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ng  
| ng
| 𐌲𐌲
| gg
| ŋg
| ng  
| [[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-g.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ŋm</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ngm</center> || <center>ngm</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-g.png]][[File:Gutish-m.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ngm  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| ŋm
| ngm  
| [[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-g.png]][[File:Gutish-m.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ŋn</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ngn</center> || <center>ngn</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-g.png]][[File:Gutish-n.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ngn  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| ŋn
| ngn  
| [[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-g.png]][[File:Gutish-n.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-g.png]][[File:Gothic-k.png]]</center> || <center>gk</center> || <center>ŋk</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>nk</center> || <center>nk</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-k.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| nk  
| nk
| 𐌲 𐌺
| gk
| ŋk
| nk  
| [[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-k.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-g.png]][[File:Gothic-q.png]]</center> || <center>gq</center> || <center>ŋkw~ŋkʷ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>nkw</center> || <center>nkw</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-k.png]][[File:Gutish-w.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| nkw  
| nkw
| 𐌲𐌵
| gq
| ŋkw~ŋkʷ
| nkw  
| [[File:Gutish-n.png]][[File:Gutish-k.png]][[File:Gutish-w.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-a.png]][[File:Gothic-u.png]]</center> || <center>aú</center> || <center>ɔ~o̞</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>o</center> || <center>o</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-o.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| o  
|style="background:gray"|
|rowspan=2| 𐌰𐌿
| aú
| ɔ~o̞
| o  
| [[File:Gutish-o.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>au</center> ||  <center>ɔː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ɔ̄</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ɔ̄  
|style="background:gray"|
| au
|  ɔː
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-o.png]]</center> || <center>ō</center> || <center>oː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ō</center> || <center>ǭ</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-oa.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ō  
| ō
| 𐍉
| ō
| oː
| ǭ  
| [[File:Gutish-oa.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>œ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>œ<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| œ  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|
| œ
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>œː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>œ̄<small><sup>1</sup></small></center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| œ̄  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|
| œː
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ø̞</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ø</center> || <center>œ</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-oe.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ø  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| ø̞
| œ  
| [[File:Gutish-oe.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ø̞ː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ø̄</center> || <center>œ̄</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-oeoe.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ø̄  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| ø̞ː
| œ̄  
| [[File:Gutish-oeoe.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>œy̑</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>œy</center> || <center>œu</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-oe.png]][[File:Gutish-u.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| œy  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| œy̑
| œu  
| [[File:Gutish-oe.png]][[File:Gutish-u.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-p.png]]</center> || <center>p</center> || <center>p~pʰ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>p</center> || <center>p</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-p.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| p  
| p
| 𐍀
| p
| p~pʰ
| p
| [[File:Gutish-p.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-r.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>r</center> || <center>ɾ~r</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>r</center> || <center>r</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-r.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| r  
| r
|rowspan=2| 𐍂
|rowspan=2| r  
| ɾ~r
| r
| [[File:Gutish-r.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>ɾ̩~r̩</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ɾ̩</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ɾ̩  
|style="background:gray"|
|  ɾ̩~r̩
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-s.png]]</center> || <center>s</center> || <center>s</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>s</center> || <center>s</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-s.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| s  
| s
| 𐍃
| s  
| s
| s
| [[File:Gutish-s.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ʃ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>š</center> || <center>š</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-sh.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| š  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|  
| ʃ
| š  
| [[File:Gutish-sh.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-t.png]]</center> || <center>t</center> || <center>t~tʰ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>t</center> || <center>t</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-t.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| t  
| t
| 𐍄
| t
| t~tʰ
| t
| [[File:Gutish-t.png]]
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Gothic-th.png]]</center> || <center>þ</center> || <center>θ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>þ</center> || <center>þ</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-th.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| þ  
| þ
| 𐌸
| þ  
| θ
| þ
| [[File:Gutish-th.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-u.png]]</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>u~ʊ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>u</center> || <center>u</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-u.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| u  
| u
|rowspan=2| 𐌿
| u
| u~ʊ
| u
| [[File:Gutish-u.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>ū</center> || <center>uː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ū</center> || <center>ō</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-oo.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ū  
| ū
| ū
| uː
| ō  
| [[File:Gutish-oo.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>v</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>v</center> || <center>v</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-v.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| v  
|style="background:gray" colspan=3|
| v  
| v
| [[File:Gutish-v.png]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| <center>[[File:Gothic-w.png]]</center> ||rowspan=2| <center>w</center> || <center>w</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>w</center> || <center>w</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-w.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| w  
| w
|rowspan=2| 𐍅
|rowspan=2| w
| w  
| w
| [[File:Gutish-w.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>ɯ~ʏ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>υ<small><sup>2</sup></small></center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| υ<small><sup>2</sup></small>  
|style="background:gray"|
| ɯ~ʏ<ref>When it appears as a vowel, 𐍅 was used in Gothic to transliterate the Greek letter υ, and did not occur otherwise in the phonemic inventory of Gothic.</ref>
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>y</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>y</center> || <center>y</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-y.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| y  
|style="background:gray"|
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
| y  
| y
| [[File:Gutish-y.png]]
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>yː</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ȳ</center> || <center>ȳ</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-yy.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ȳ  
|style="background:gray"|
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
| yː
| ȳ  
| [[File:Gutish-yy.png]]
|-
|-
|  <center>[[File:Gothic-z.png]]</center> || <center>z</center> || <center>z</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>z</center> ||style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| z  
| z
| 𐌶
| z
| z
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
|-
|-
|style="background:gray" colspan=2| || <center>ʐ</center> ||style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| <center>ž</center> || <center>ž</center> || <center>[[File:Gutish-zh.png]]</center>
|style="font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold"| ž  
|style="background:gray"|
|style="background:gray" colspan=2|
| ʐ
| ž  
| [[File:Gutish-zh.png]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
<small><sup>1</sup></small> /œ/ and /œ̄/ represent an intermediate stage in the development of the Gutish language which occurs in the phonemic inventory of neither Gothic nor Gutish.
<small><sup>2</sup></small> When it appears as a vowel, 𐍅 was used in Gothic to transliterate the Greek letter υ, and did not occur otherwise in the phonemic inventory of Gothic.

Latest revision as of 09:08, 13 January 2022


Phonetic transliteration is not used regularly in Valthungian, but is used frequently when discussing issues of historical linguistic significance to the language. This is a merger of the Romanization of Valthungian and phonetic notation (IPA), aimed to be more precise than transliteration but less cumbersome than IPA. Characters with standard values continue to be written with the Latin transliteration, but others may have slightly different values. For the purposes of historical comparison, a standardized character set is used for Proto-Germanic, Gothic, Griutungi, and all stages of Valthungian. Standardised Romanisations are used throughout this work; those using this phonetic transcription are enclosed in slashes (/); transliterations are generally italicized.

Transcription Proto-Germanic Gothic Gothic Translit-eration IPA Valthungian Translit-eration Valthungian
a a 𐌰 a ɑ a
ā ā ā ɑː ā
ai ai 𐌰𐌾 aj ɑi̯ ē
au au 𐌰𐍅 aw ɑu̯ ō
b b 𐌱 b b b
β β
č ʧ č
d d 𐌳 d d d
ð ð ð
e e 𐌰𐌹 aí ɛ~e̞ e
ɛ̄ ǣ ai ɛː
eu eu ɛu̯ eu
ē ē 𐌴 ē eː ǣ
f f 𐍆 f f~ɸ f
g g 𐌲 g g g
ɣ ɣ
h h 𐌷 h h~x h
hw hw 𐍈 ƕ hʷ~ʍ~xw hw
i i 𐌹 i i~ɪ i
ī ī 𐌴 𐌹 ei iː ī
j j 𐌾 j j j
k k 𐌺 k k~kʰ k
kw kw 𐌵 q kʷ~kw kw
l l 𐌻 l l l
l̩ l̩
m 𐌼 m m m
m̩ m̩
n n 𐌽 n n n
n̩ n̩
ng ng 𐌲𐌲 gg ŋg ng
ngm ŋm ngm
ngn ŋn ngn
nk nk 𐌲 𐌺 gk ŋk nk
nkw nkw 𐌲𐌵 gq ŋkw~ŋkʷ nkw
o 𐌰𐌿 aú ɔ~o̞ o
ɔ̄ au ɔː
ō ō 𐍉 ō oː ǭ
œ œ
œ̄ œː
ø ø̞ œ
ø̄ ø̞ː œ̄
œy œy̑ œu
p p 𐍀 p p~pʰ p
r r 𐍂 r ɾ~r r
ɾ̩ ɾ̩~r̩
s s 𐍃 s s s
š ʃ š
t t 𐍄 t t~tʰ t
þ þ 𐌸 þ θ þ
u u 𐌿 u u~ʊ u
ū ū ū uː ō
v v v
w w 𐍅 w w w
υ2 ɯ~ʏ[1]
y y y
ȳ yː ȳ
z z 𐌶 z z
ž ʐ ž
  1. ^ When it appears as a vowel, 𐍅 was used in Gothic to transliterate the Greek letter υ, and did not occur otherwise in the phonemic inventory of Gothic.
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