Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions
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m (→Diphthongs) |
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*''*a~'' > ''ā'' | *''*a~'' > ''ā'' | ||
*''*a~[e/i]'' > ''ae'' | *''*a~[e/i]'' > ''ae'' | ||
*''*ajV, a~ī'' > ''ai''' | *''*aj, *ajV, a~ī'' > ''ai''' | ||
*''*a~[o/u]'' > ''ao'' | *''*a~[o/u]'' > ''ao'' | ||
*''*awV'' > ''au''' | *''*aw, *awV'' > ''au''' (sometimes) | ||
*''*ej, *e~ī'' > ''ei'' | |||
*''*ēj'' > ''*ie'' | |||
*''*ē~'' > ''*ie'' (sometimes) | |||
[[Category:Diachronics]] | [[Category:Diachronics]] | ||
Revision as of 14:02, 21 August 2014
Proto-Talsmic phonology
Consonant inventory
| Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | *p | *t | *c | *k | *q | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *ɟ | *g | ||||
| aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *cʰ | *kʰ | *qʰ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | *s | *ç | *h | ||||
| voiced | *z | *ƶ | *ʁ | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *j | ||||||
| Trill | *r | |||||||
| Lateral app. | *l | |||||||
/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].
Vocalic inventory
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i *ī | *u *ū | |
| Mid | *e *ē | *o *ō | |
| Open | *a *ā |
Sound changes
- *qʰ > *χ
- *ʔ=ʔ > *ʔ
- *kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ > *x *ç *θ *ɸ
- *ēj > *ie
- Pronominal grammaticalization begins
- *ie often > *i / _#
- *c > *ŧ
- *ç *ƶ
- > (laminal fricatives) > *θ *ð
- > *x _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate]
- *k > *x / _{d, t, ŧ}
- *tk, *ck *tkʰ/kʰ > *xt, *xŧ, *kθ
- *ɟ > *ʎ
- Themsaran rhotacization 1: *z > *r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
- coronal obstruent + sibilanti > sibilantisibilanti
- *oi *ui > *ȳ
- *ou > *ū
- Tonogenesis event: *=ʔ > word-final tonic syllable
- *tl *dl
- > *kl *gl / #_
- > *tl *rl / V_
- *u, *w > *y / C_#
- *CC[+resonant]{C, #} > *CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
- Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
- CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
- *ıy[ː] > i[ː]
- *mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > *mp, *nt, *lt, *rt; *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > *mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ
- *nr > *ndr, *lr > *ldr
- Verbal tone patterns are established
- *h
- > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
- > [~ː] / _#
- *ʔ
- > [ː~] / _C
- > [~ː] / _#
- *q *χ > *ʡ *ħ
- *ʁ > *ʕ / unless _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
- *w, *ʁ > *v
- *ʕ > *ħ
- > 0 / otherwise
- *ʡ
- > ħ / _{*t, *ŧ}
- C[+radical] > a / _#
Diphthongs
Note: ~ denotes *ʔ or *h
- *a~ > ā
- *a~[e/i] > ae
- *aj, *ajV, a~ī > ai'
- *a~[o/u] > ao
- *aw, *awV > au' (sometimes)
- *ej, *e~ī > ei
- *ēj > *ie
- *ē~ > *ie (sometimes)