Modern Phrygian: Difference between revisions

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| This occurs when ⟨ι⟩ is preceded by a consonant other than ⟨γ⟩, ⟨κ⟩, ⟨χ⟩, ⟨λ⟩, or ⟨ν⟩ and followed by a vowel.
| This occurs when ⟨ι⟩ is preceded by a consonant other than ⟨γ⟩, ⟨κ⟩, ⟨χ⟩, ⟨λ⟩, or ⟨ν⟩ and followed by a vowel.
|-
|-
| rowspan="6"| κ
| rowspan="7"| κ
| after vowel or liquid and before front vowel ([e] or [i]).
| after vowel or liquid and before front vowel ([e] or [i]).
| [ɟ̊]
| [ɟ̊]
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|  
|  
|-
|-
| before voiced obstruent
| [ɡ]
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|-
|-
| everywhere else before front vowel
| everywhere else before front vowel
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|  
|  
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| κζ
| everywhere
| [ɡz]
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|-
| κζ̌
| everywhere
| [ɡʒ]
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|-
|-
| λ(λ)
| λ(λ)
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| rowspan="3"| π
| rowspan="4"| π
| after vowel or liquid
| after vowel or liquid
| [b̥]
| [b̥]
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|-
|-
| after nasal
| after nasal
| [b]
|
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|-
| before voiced obstruent
| [b]
| [b]
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|  
|  
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| πζ
| everywhere
| [bz]
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|-
| πζ̌
| everywhere
| [bʒ]
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|-
|-
| ρ(ρ)
| ρ(ρ)
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|  
|  
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| rowspan="3"| τ
| rowspan="4"| τ
| after vowel or liquid
| after vowel or liquid
| [d̥]
| [d̥]
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|-
|-
| after nasal
| after nasal
| [d]
|
|
|
|-
| before voiced obstruent
| [d]
| [d]
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|

Revision as of 08:39, 18 April 2022

Modern Phrygian (Native: βρουζ̌ικιά /vɾuʒiˈɟa/) is modern variety of the Phrygian language.

Modern Phrygian
τα βρουζ̌ικιά ξ̌ώσσα
Pronunciation[ta vɾuʒiˈɟ̊a ˈkʃosa]
Created byShariifka

Introduction

Etymology

Phonology

Orthography

Greek orthography

Alphabet
Letter Name IPA
Α α άλφα [ˈalfa]
Β β βέτα [ˈved̥a]
Γ γ γάμμα [ˈɣama]
Δ δ δέλτα [ˈðelda]
Ε ε ε [e]
Ζ ζ ζέτα [ˈzed̥a]
Ζ̌ ζ̌ ζ̌έτα [ˈʒed̥a]
Η η έτα [ˈed̥a]
Θ θ θέτα [ˈθed̥a]
Ι ι γιώτα [ˈʝod̥a]
Letter Name IPA
Κ κ κάππα [ˈkapa]
Λ λ λάμπδα [ˈlambða]
Μ μ μου [mu]
Ν ν νου [nu]
Ξ ξ ξι [ksi]
Ξ̌ ξ̌ ξ̌ι [kʃi]
Ο ο ο [o]
Π π πι [pi]
Ρ ρ ρο [ro]
Σ σ ς σίμα [ˈsima]
Letter Name IPA
Σ̌ σ̌ ς̌ σ̌ίμα [ˈʃima]
Τ τ ταύ [taf]
Υ υ ου [u]
Φ φ φι [fi]
Χ χ χι [çi]
Ψ ψ ψι [psi]
Ψ̌ ψ̌ ψ̌ι [ʔʃi]
Ω ω ωμέκα [oˈmeɡ̊a]
Consonants
Consonants
Letter Context IPA Examples Remarks
β everywhere [v]
γ before front vowels ([e] or [i]). [ʝ]
before velar consonants ([ɡ] or [x]) [ŋ] This occurs when the following consonant is ⟨ξ⟩, ⟨ξ̌⟩, or non-palatalized ⟨κ⟩ or ⟨χ⟩.
before palatal consonants ([ɟ] or [ç]) [ɲ] This occurs when the following consonant is palatalized ⟨κ⟩ or ⟨χ⟩.
everywhere else [ɣ]
γγ before front vowel [ɲ]
elsewhere [ŋ]
γι before vowels [ʝ]
γγι before vowels [ɲ]
δ everywhere [ð]
ει after a consonant and before a vowel [ʝ]
ζ everywhere [z]
ζ̌ everywhere [ʒ]
η after a consonant and before a vowel [ʝ]
θ everywhere [θ]
ι as a semivowel [ʝ] This occurs when ⟨ι⟩ is preceded by a consonant other than ⟨γ⟩, ⟨κ⟩, ⟨χ⟩, ⟨λ⟩, or ⟨ν⟩ and followed by a vowel.
κ after vowel or liquid and before front vowel ([e] or [i]). [ɟ̊]
after vowel or liquid otherwise [ɡ̊]
after nasal before front vowel [ɟ]
after nasal otherwise [ɡ]
before voiced obstruent [ɡ]
everywhere else before front vowel [c]
otherwise [k]
κκ before front vowel [c]
otherwise [k]
κι after vowel or liquid and before a vowel [ɟ̊]
after nasal before a vowel [ɟ]
otherwise before a vowel [c]
κκι before a vowel [c]
λ(λ) everywhere [l]
λ(λ)ι before a vowel [ʎ]
μ(μ) everywhere [m]
ν non-final [n]
final [-̃, ɰ̃] Nasalizes the preceding vowel.
νν everywhere [n]
ν(ν)ι before a vowel [ɲ]
ξ everywhere [ks]
ξ̌ everywhere [kʃ]
οι after a consonant and before a vowel [ʝ]
ου after a consonant or word-initial and before a vowel [w]
π after vowel or liquid [b̥]
after nasal [b]
before voiced obstruent [b]
otherwise [p]
ππ everywhere [p]
ρ(ρ) [r ~ ɾ] In free variation.
σ(σ) [s]
τ after vowel or liquid [d̥]
after nasal [d]
before voiced obstruent [d]
otherwise [t]
ττ everywhere [t]
τσ everywhere [ts]
τσ̌ everywhere [tʃ]
τζ everywhere [dz]
τζ̌ everywhere [dʒ]
υ after a consonant and before a vowel [ʝ]
after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ and before a nasal consonant [m]
after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ and word-final or before a voiceless consonant [f]
after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ otherwise [v]
φ everywhere [t]
χ before front vowel [ç]
otherwise [x]
χι before vowel [ç]
ψ everywhere [ps]
ψ̌ everywhere [pʃ]
Vowels
Monophthong Vowels
Letter IPA Examples Remarks
α [a] Actually closer to [ä].
ε [e] Actually closer to [e̞].
αι
ι [i]
η
υ
ει
οι
υι
ο [o] Actually closer to [o̞].
ω
ου [u]

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Notes