Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Qwbmwdqwg: Difference between revisions

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|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|name = Corsican Arabic
|name = Corsican Arabic
|pronunciation = əl{{den}}ˁq̟ʰɔɾˁsˁˈq̟ʰɪːjə̟
|pronunciation = əl{{den}}ʶq̟ʰɔɾʶsʶˈq̟ʰɪːjə̟
|states = Corsica
|states = Corsica
|speakers = 330,000
|speakers = 330,000
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}}
}}


'''Corsican Arabic''' is an Irish-influenced historical Arabic variety spoken in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline's Corsica (natively ''əL-KóRSKə'' [ə̟l{{den}}ˁˈq̟ʰɔɾˁsˁq̟ʰʌ]), an independent country where it's an official language alongside English. In Irta it's called Corsican (natively ''əL-KoRSKī́jə'' [əl{{den}}ˁq̟ʰɔɾˁsˁˈq̟ʰɪːjə̟] or ''ət-táNGə KoRSKī́jə'' [ə̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴ̟q̟ʌ q̟ʰɔɾˁsˁˈq̟ʰɪːjə̟]; ''táNGə'' is from Irish ''teanga''). It may also be called ''táNGəTNə'' 'our language'.  Its speakers are predominantly Catholic and almost always also speak English. Modern Standard Latin and Irish are also widely understood in Corsica.
'''Corsican Arabic''' is an Irish-influenced historical Arabic variety spoken in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline's Corsica (natively ''əL-KóRSKə'' [ə̟l{{den}}ʶˈq̟ʰɔɾʶsʶq̟ʰʌ]), an independent country where it's an official language alongside English. In Irta it's called Corsican (natively ''əL-KoRSKī́jə'' [əl{{den}}ʶq̟ʰɔɾʶsʶˈq̟ʰɪːjə̟] or ''ət-táNGə KoRSKī́jə'' [ə̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴ̟q̟ʌ q̟ʰɔɾʶsʶˈq̟ʰɪːjə̟]; ''táNGə'' is from Irish ''teanga''). It may also be called ''táNGəTNə'' 'our language'.  Its speakers are predominantly Catholic and almost always also speak English. Modern Standard Latin and Irish are also widely understood in Corsica.


Its premise is "Maltese but with Middle Irish and Classical Irish (and secondarily French, [[Hyperfrench|Nyvierfusiez]] and Irta Sardinian) instead of Italian", and it's the only Irtan Semitic language that evolved naturally under Celtic influence ([[Knench]] is more Azalic-influenced, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in a Latin orthography (which is different from the one used on this page). It also has a proposed Arabic orthography with diacritics for emphatic or non-emphatic consonants that don't exist in Classical Arabic.
Its premise is "Maltese but with Middle Irish and Classical Irish (and secondarily French, [[Hyperfrench|Nyvierfusiez]] and Irta Sardinian) instead of Italian", and it's the only Irtan Semitic language that evolved naturally under Celtic influence ([[Knench]] is more Azalic-influenced, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in a Latin orthography (which is different from the one used on this page). It also has a proposed Arabic orthography with diacritics for emphatic or non-emphatic consonants that don't exist in Classical Arabic.
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|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
!colspan="2"| Nasal
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''m''' m || M
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''m''' m || M
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''n''' n̪ || N n̪ˁ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''n''' n̪ || N n̪ʶ
|  
|  
| [ŋ̟]
| [ŋ̟]
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!rowspan="2" | Stop
!rowspan="2" | Stop
!<small>aspirated</small>
!<small>aspirated</small>
| p pʰ || P pˁʰ
| p pʰ || P pʶʰ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''t''' t̪ʰ || T t̪ˁʰ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''t''' t̪ʰ || T t̪ʶʰ
|  
|  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''k''' k&#799;ʰ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''k''' k&#799;ʰ
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|-
|-
!<small>unaspirated</small>
!<small>unaspirated</small>
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''b''' b || B
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''b''' b || B
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''d''' d̪  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''d''' d̪  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''D''' d̪ˁ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''D''' d̪ʶ
|  
|  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''g''' ɡ&#799;
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''g''' ɡ&#799;
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''G''' ɢ&#799;
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''G''' ɢ&#799;
| [ʔˁ]
| [ʔʶ]
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''f''' f || F ʍˁ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''f''' f || F ʍʶ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''s''' s{{den}}  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''s''' s{{den}}  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''S''' s{{den}}ˁ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''S''' s{{den}}ʶ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''š''' ʃ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''š''' ʃ
| x x&#799;  
| x x&#799;  
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|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''w''' v~β&#798; || W
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''w''' v~β&#798; || W
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''z''' z{{den}}   
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''z''' z{{den}}   
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''Z''' z{{den}}ˁ~ðˁ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''Z''' z{{den}}ʶ~ðʶ
| ž ʒ
| ž ʒ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''j''' j  
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''j''' j  
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| ||   
| ||   
| r r{{lam}}~ɾ{{lam}}
| r r{{lam}}~ɾ{{lam}}
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''R'''
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''R'''
|  
|  
|  
|  
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!colspan=2| Lateral
!colspan=2| Lateral
| ||
| ||
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''l''' l || L l̪ˁ
|bgcolor="#cacaff"| '''l''' l || L l̪ʶ
|   
|   
|
|
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/h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weak [ħ]) before or after /a/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/.
/h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weak [ħ]) before or after /a/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/.


Allophones or marginal phonemes include H [] and Š [ʂˁ]; this article won't reflect these. [ŋ&#799; ɴ&#799;] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ˁ/ before dorsal stops.
Allophones or marginal phonemes include H [] and Š [ʂʶ]; this article won't reflect these. [ŋ&#799; ɴ&#799;] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops.


Emphatic consonants are realized as uvularized consonants.
Emphatic consonants are realized as uvularized consonants.
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"Voiceless" stops are consistently aspirated; voiced stops are usually weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) and are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant; they are commonly devoiced, especially /ɢ{{adv}}/. Voiced geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. Gemination is neutralized word-finally. Preuvular consonants are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common in rural areas.
"Voiceless" stops are consistently aspirated; voiced stops are usually weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) and are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant; they are commonly devoiced, especially /ɢ{{adv}}/. Voiced geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. Gemination is neutralized word-finally. Preuvular consonants are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common in rural areas.


''G'' in contemporary urban Corsican Arabic is turning into [ʔˁ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''taNGə'' 'language' and ''Gī́jə'' 'prayer' (from Irish ''guidhe'') are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænˁʔˁʌ] and [ˈʔˁɪ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop realization for Arabic ''q''.
''G'' in contemporary urban Corsican Arabic is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''taNGə'' 'language' and ''Gī́jə'' 'prayer' (from Irish ''guidhe'') are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶɪ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop realization for Arabic ''q''.


''r'' is a laminal, alveolar trill or flap. It is often pronounced as Czech ''ř'' or as [ʒ] by younger speakers.
''r'' is a laminal, alveolar trill or flap. It is often pronounced as Czech ''ř'' or as [ʒ] by younger speakers.
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Nonemphatic consonants (except /v h/) are slightly more palatalized in word final position than in other conditions. /t d n l/ become laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ d̻ʲ n̻ʲ lʲ] when allophonically palatalized.
Nonemphatic consonants (except /v h/) are slightly more palatalized in word final position than in other conditions. /t d n l/ become laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ d̻ʲ n̻ʲ lʲ] when allophonically palatalized.


// may be realized as [ɾˁ] or [ɹʷˁ], the latter sounding a lot like a General American English r: ''aSXūR'' [æɑ̯sˁˈχʊːɹʷˁ] 'bird'.
// may be realized as [ɾʶ] or [ɹʷʶ], the latter sounding a lot like a General American English r: ''aSXūR'' [æɑ̯sʶˈχʊːɹʷʶ] 'bird'.


unasp stop + h > asp stop
unasp stop + h > asp stop
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=== Numerals ===
=== Numerals ===
wḗhad, tnəjn, tlḗtə, áRBa, Xámsə, síttə, sába, tmḗnjə, dísa, ā́šRə [ˈveːhætʲ, ˈt{{den}}ʰn̪ə̟jnʲ, ˈt{{den}}ʰl{{den}}eːtʰə{{adv}}, ˈæɑ̯ɹʷˁbˁɑ, ˈχɑmsə{{adv}}, ˈsʲɪ{{adv}}ʔːt{{den}}ʰə{{adv}}, ˈsæbæ, ˈt{{den}}ʰmeːnʲjə{{adv}}, ˈdʲɪ{{adv}}sæ, ˈæːʃɹˁʌ]
wḗhad, tnəjn, tlḗtə, áRBa, Xámsə, síttə, sába, tmḗnjə, dísa, ā́šRə [ˈveːhætʲ, ˈt{{den}}ʰn̪ə̟jnʲ, ˈt{{den}}ʰl{{den}}eːtʰə{{adv}}, ˈæɑ̯ɹʷʶbʶɑ, ˈχɑmsə{{adv}}, ˈsʲɪ{{adv}}ʔːt{{den}}ʰə{{adv}}, ˈsæbæ, ˈt{{den}}ʰmeːnʲjə{{adv}}, ˈdʲɪ{{adv}}sæ, ˈæːʃɹʶʌ]


áwwil, tḗni, tḗlit, RṓBa, Xṓmis, sḗtit, sḗba, tmḗni, dḗsa, ā́šiR [ˈævːɪ{{adv}}lʲ, ˈtʰeːnʲɪ{{adv}}, ˈtʰeːlʲɪ{{adv}}ʔtʰʲ, ˈɹʷˁɔːbˁɑ, ˈχɔːmʲɪ{{adv}}sʲ, ˈseːtʰʲɪ{{adv}}ʔtʰʲ, ˈseːbæ, ˈtʰmeːnʲɪ{{adv}}, ˈd{{den}}eːsæ, ˈæːɕɪ{{adv}}əɹʷˁ]
áwwil, tḗni, tḗlit, RṓBa, Xṓmis, sḗtit, sḗba, tmḗni, dḗsa, ā́šiR [ˈævːɪ{{adv}}lʲ, ˈtʰeːnʲɪ{{adv}}, ˈtʰeːlʲɪ{{adv}}ʔtʰʲ, ˈɹʷʶɔːbʶɑ, ˈχɔːmʲɪ{{adv}}sʲ, ˈseːtʰʲɪ{{adv}}ʔtʰʲ, ˈseːbæ, ˈtʰmeːnʲɪ{{adv}}, ˈd{{den}}eːsæ, ˈæːɕɪ{{adv}}əɹʷʶ]


Ordinals come before nouns, as in Irish: ət-tḗlit bēb = the third door
Ordinals come before nouns, as in Irish: ət-tḗlit bēb = the third door