Proto-Riphic: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''firmištaniþjan irštinan'') is a descendant of Late PIE with a Proto-Germanic and Proto-Balto-Slavic hybrid aesthetic.
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''firmištarifjē irštinē'') is a descendant of Late PIE with a Proto-Germanic, Proto-Balto-Slavic and Old Prussian hybrid aesthetic.
 
''Kiwantan kalā in watrei flaweþi'' - The living fish swims in water


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Thee evolution of consonants from PIE to Proto-Riphic involves various sound changes, including one similar to Grimm's law. In addition, Riphean developed a tone system with five tones from the interplay between PIE stop phonation and stress accent, analogous to Verner's law.


{{PAGENAME}} is a satem language, which means that the original PIE palatovelars are fronted to alveolar and labiovelars get delabialized. It also underwent a sound shift similar to Grimm's law:
Stop phonation shifts initially result in a Xhosa-like outcome: voiceless -> voiceless aspirated and voiced -> voiced breathy while glottalized consonants are ejective (as in early PIE) with implosive allophones after unstressed vowels.
* PIE voiceless stops -> voiceless fricatives
* PIE "plain voiced"/glottalic stops -> voiceless stops
* PIE "voiced aspirates" -> voiced stops
 
Voiced stops have fricative allophones as in Spanish and Proto-Germanic.
 
Unlike in Proto-Germanic, though, there is no Verner's law in Proto-Nithish. However, there is Grassmann's law which applies to original PIE voiceless stops; if a root has two voiceless stops, only the second gets Grimmified: *peth2-yeti -> ''peþjeþi'' "it flies"
 
{{PAGENAME}} doesn't have a broad/slender contrast in consonants unlike its descendant [[Nithish]].
 
In addition, Proto-Nithish has lots of loanwords from Uralic languages, an unknown substrate and Proto-Indo-Iranian, which did not undergo Grimm's law except when Iranian languages have it (i.e. *pr -> fr etc.)
 
===Vowels===
 
Most notably, h2 doesn't color vowels in Nithish languages; this comes from an original sound change *h2 -> /ç/ which later disappears with compensatory lengthening.
 
eh1 eh2 eh3 oh1 oh2 oh3 -> ē ē ō ā ā ō
 
The same is true of initial h2; for instance, ''elceþi'' from *h2el-k-eti "he walks".
 
==Morphology==
 
{{PAGENAME}} retained all 8 cases of PIE, as well as singular, dual, and plural forms of nouns. Its verbal morphology, though, is much simpler. It's notable for having an evidentiality distinction in verbs from the original PIE sigmatic aorist.
 
==Schleicher==
 
''Ufer prehuntei bauþja ewis, kaþerē ne sašt wilnēn, witjeþ zejē; ainan þangeþ birzjan waznan ...''
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 07:12, 20 June 2022


Proto-Riphic (native name firmištarifjē irštinē) is a descendant of Late PIE with a Proto-Germanic, Proto-Balto-Slavic and Old Prussian hybrid aesthetic.

Phonology

Consonants

Thee evolution of consonants from PIE to Proto-Riphic involves various sound changes, including one similar to Grimm's law. In addition, Riphean developed a tone system with five tones from the interplay between PIE stop phonation and stress accent, analogous to Verner's law.

Stop phonation shifts initially result in a Xhosa-like outcome: voiceless -> voiceless aspirated and voiced -> voiced breathy while glottalized consonants are ejective (as in early PIE) with implosive allophones after unstressed vowels.

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