Tonuao: Difference between revisions

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[[File:East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere.png|right|300px]]
[[File:East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere.png|right|300px]]


{{PAGENAME}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]].  It uses Chinese characters for much of its writing, with some forms being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai]]/新字体 standards of Japan.  The Japanese syllabary [[w:Katakana]] is used for all other sounds.  It is non-tonal, nearly analytic, SVO, topic-prominent, uses classifiers, is pro-drop, copula-drop, and uses postpositions.
{{PAGENAME}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]].  It uses Chinese characters for much of its writing, with some forms being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai]]/新字体 standards of Japan.  The Japanese syllabary [[w:Katakana]] is used for all other sounds.  It is not [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal]], mostly [[w:Analytic language|analytic]], [[w:Subject–verb–object|SVO]], [[w:Topic-prominent language|topic-prominent]], uses [[w:Classifier (linguistics)|classifiers]], is [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]], [[w:Zero copula|copula-drop]], and uses postpositions.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
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The complex syllables of {{PAGENAME}} are clearly much more limited.
The complex syllables of {{PAGENAME}} are clearly much more limited.
== Syntax ==
Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), {{PAGENAME}} is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come before early in the sentence, and the accusative argument must come after the verb.  There are no particles to mark subject or object.
In the East Asian style, {{PAGENAME}} is very topic-prominent.  The topic is marked with the postposition 者, spelled サ/sa phonetically.  Typically, if present, it will come first in the sentence.  The dative argument may be unmarked, if easily discernable from context, but is more often marked with the postposition 於, spelled オ/o phonetically.  A genitive relationship is marked with 之, spelled シ/ši phonetically.
{| class="bluetable"
! Relationship !! Sino !! Sound !! English !! Chinese !! Japanese !! Korean !! Vietnamese
|-
! Topic
| 者
| サ - sa
| as for
|
| は - wa
| 은/는 - (n)ǔn
| cái
|-
! Dative
|  於
| オ - o
| to
|
| に - ni
| 에게 - ege
| đến
|-
! Genitive
| 之
| シ - ši
| of
| 的/之
| の - no
| 의 - ǔi
| của
|}
=== Pronouns ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg "
|
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! First
| 我
|-
! Second
| 你
|-
! Third
|}


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 20:30, 6 December 2014


East Asian Cultural Sphere.png

Tonuao is a zonal auxlang[1] intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the w:East Asian cultural sphere. It uses Chinese characters for much of its writing, with some forms being simplified according to the w:Shinjitai/新字体 standards of Japan. The Japanese syllabary w:Katakana is used for all other sounds. It is not tonal, mostly analytic, SVO, topic-prominent, uses classifiers, is pro-drop, copula-drop, and uses postpositions.

Phonology

Tonuao has 5 vowels and 10 consonants.

Tonuao Consonants
Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasals m /m/ n /n/
Plosives p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
Fricatives s /s ~ ɕ/ h /h ~ ɦ ~ x/
Liquids l /l ~ ɾ/
Approximants w /w/ y /j/

While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see below), every language speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency.


Tonuao Vowels
Vowels
Front Central Back
High i /i ~ ɪ/ u /u ~ ɯ/
Mid e /e ~ e̞/ o /o ~ o̞/
Low a /a ~ ä/

Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others. Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international!

Phonotactics

The three allowable syllable structures are V, CV, Cya, and CVn. There are gaps in all these series, and allophony.


Simple Syllables
ø a
/a/ 		e
/e ~ je ~ ə/ 		i
/i ~ ji/ 		o
/o ~ wo/ 		u
/u ~ wu/
P pa pe pi po pu
T ta te ti to tu
K ka ke ki ko ku
M ma me mi mo mu
N na ne ni no nu
S sa se si
/si ~ ɕi/		 so su
H ha he hi ho hu
L la le li lo lu
W wa
/wa ~ ʋa ~ va/
Y ya yo
/jo ~ joʊ̯/ 		yu
Katakana
ø ア エ イ オ ウ
P パ ペ ピ ポ プ
T タ テ チ ト ツ
K カ ケ キ コ ク
M マ メ ミ モ ム
N ナ ネ ニ ノ ヌ
S サ セ シ ソ ス
H ハ ヘ ヒ ホ フ
L ラ レ リ ロ ル
W ワ
Y ヤ ヨ ユ
Hangeul (for reference)
ㅇ 아 에 ~ 예 이 오 우
ㅂ 바 베 비 보 부
ㄷ 다 데 디 두 도
ㄱ 가 게 기 고 구
ㅁ 마 메 미 모 무
ㄴ 나 네 니 노 누
ㅅ 사 세 시 소 수
ㅎ 하 헤 히 호 후
ㄹ 라 레 리 로 루
W 와
Y 야 요 유


Complex Syllables
ya an en in
ø an en in
P pya pan pen pin
T tya
/tja ~ t͡ɕa/ 		tan ten tin
K kan ken
M mya man men min
N nya nan nen nin
S sya
/sja ~ ɕa/ 		san sen
/sen ~ ɕen/ 		sin
H han hen
L lya lan len lin
W wan
Y yan
Katakana
ya an en in
ø アン エン イン
P ピャ パン ペン ピン
T チャ タン テン チン
K カン ケン
M ミャ マン メン ミン
N ニャ ナン ネン ニン
S シャ サン セン シン
H ハン ヘン
L リャ ラン レン リン
W ワン
Y ヤン
Hangeul (for reference)
ya an en in
ø 안 엔 인
ㅂ 뱌 반 벤 빈
ㄷ 댜 ~ 쟈 단 덴 딘
ㄱ 간 겐
ㅁ 먀 만 멘 민
ㄴ 냐 난 넨 닌
ㅅ 샤 산 센 신
ㅎ 한 헨
ㄹ 랴 란 렌 린
W 완
Y 얀


The complex syllables of Tonuao are clearly much more limited.

Syntax

Like Chinese and Vietnamese (and unlike Japanese and Korean), Tonuao is SVO, subject-verb-object. The subject of an intransitive verb and the actor of transitive verb come before early in the sentence, and the accusative argument must come after the verb. There are no particles to mark subject or object.

In the East Asian style, Tonuao is very topic-prominent. The topic is marked with the postposition 者, spelled サ/sa phonetically. Typically, if present, it will come first in the sentence. The dative argument may be unmarked, if easily discernable from context, but is more often marked with the postposition 於, spelled オ/o phonetically. A genitive relationship is marked with 之, spelled シ/ši phonetically.

Relationship Sino Sound English Chinese Japanese Korean Vietnamese
Topic 者 サ - sa as for は - wa 은/는 - (n)ǔn cái
Dative 於 オ - o to に - ni 에게 - ege đến
Genitive 之 シ - ši of 的/之 の - no 의 - ǔi của

Pronouns

Singular Plural
First 我
Second 你
Third


References

  1. ^ http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/
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