Zanahi: Difference between revisions
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! Letter !! Transliteration !! IPA !! Name | ! Letter !! Transliteration !! IPA !! Name | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ' || {{IPA|ʔ}} || | | || ' || {{IPA|/ʔ/}} || 'ālaf | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || b || {{IPA|b}} || | | || b || {{IPA|/b/}} || bēþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || v | | || v || {{IPA|/v/}} || vēþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || g | | || g || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || gāmal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ġ || | | || ġ || {{IPA|/ɣ ~ ʁ/}} || ġāmal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || d || | | || d || {{IPA|/d̪/}} || dālaþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ð || | | || ð || {{IPA|/ð/}} || ðālaþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || h || | | || h || {{IPA|/h/}} || hē | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || w || | | || w || {{IPA|/w/}} || wāw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || z || | | || z || {{IPA|/z/}} || zayn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ħ || | | || ħ || {{IPA|/ħ/}} || ħēþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ṭ || | | || ṭ || {{IPA|/t̪ˁ/}} || ṭēþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || y || | | || y || {{IPA|/j/}} || yōð | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || k | | || k || {{IPA|/k/}} || kāf | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || x | | || x || {{IPA|/x ~ χ/}} || xāf | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || l | | || l|| {{IPA|/l/}} || lāmað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || m | | || m|| {{IPA|/m/}} || mīm | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || n | | || n|| {{IPA|/n/}} || nūn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || s | | || s|| {{IPA|/s/}} || samkaþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ʻ | | || ʻ|| {{IPA|/ʕ/}} || ʻē | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || p | | || p|| {{IPA|/p/}} || pē | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || f | | || f|| {{IPA|/f/}} || fē | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ṣ | | || ṣ|| {{IPA|/sˁ/}} || ṣāðē | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || q | | || q|| {{IPA|/q/}} || qōf | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || r | | || r|| {{IPA|/r/}} || rēš | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || š | | || š|| {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || šīn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || t | | || t|| {{IPA|/t̪/}} || tāw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || þ | | || þ|| {{IPA|/θ/}} || þāw | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 06:00, 24 November 2022
Zanahi (native: zanāhī, haṭ-ṭaṣwā haz-zanāhiyyā) is an Indo-European language with a high degree of Semitic influence.
Zanahi | |
---|---|
zanāhī | |
Pronunciation | [zænæːhiː] |
Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Proto-Zanahi
|
Introduction
Zanahi is a satem language.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Denti-alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | emphatic | |||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||||
Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | tˤ | k | q | ʔ | |||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɡ | |||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | θ | s | sˤ | ʃ | x ~ χ | ħ | h | |
voiced | v | ð | z | ɣ ~ ʁ | ʕ | |||||
Trill | r | |||||||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
Vowels
Short | Long | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | Front | Back | |
Close | /i/ | /u/ | /iː/ | /uː/ |
Mid | /eː/ | /oː/ | ||
Open | /a/ | /aː/ | ||
Diphthongs | /aw/, /aj/ |
Orthography
Letter | Transliteration | IPA | Name |
---|---|---|---|
' | /ʔ/ | 'ālaf | |
b | /b/ | bēþ | |
v | /v/ | vēþ | |
g | /ɡ/ | gāmal | |
ġ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ | ġāmal | |
d | /d̪/ | dālaþ | |
ð | /ð/ | ðālaþ | |
h | /h/ | hē | |
w | /w/ | wāw | |
z | /z/ | zayn | |
ħ | /ħ/ | ħēþ | |
ṭ | /t̪ˁ/ | ṭēþ | |
y | /j/ | yōð | |
k | /k/ | kāf | |
x | /x ~ χ/ | xāf | |
l | /l/ | lāmað | |
m | /m/ | mīm | |
n | /n/ | nūn | |
s | /s/ | samkaþ | |
ʻ | /ʕ/ | ʻē | |
p | /p/ | pē | |
f | /f/ | fē | |
ṣ | /sˁ/ | ṣāðē | |
q | /q/ | qōf | |
r | /r/ | rēš | |
š | /ʃ/ | šīn | |
t | /t̪/ | tāw | |
þ | /θ/ | þāw |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Lenition
Non-emphatic plosives undergo lenition to fricatives (analogous to "begadkefat" in Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew) in certain environments.
Un-lenited | Lenited |
---|---|
/b/ | /v/ |
/ɡ/ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ |
/d/ | /ð/ |
/k/ | /x ~ χ/ |
/p/ | /f/ |
/t/ | /θ/ |
Morphology
Like Arabic, Zanahi words are traditionally classified in three categories: nominals, verbs, and particles.
Nominals
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Person/ Number |
Independent | Dependent |
---|---|---|
1S | ammā | -mā |
2SM | antā | -tā/-þā |
2SF | antī | -tī/þī |
3SM | hattā | -hā |
3SF | hattī | -hī |
1P | annā | -nā |
2PM | antān | -tān/þān |
2PF | antīn | -tīn/þīn |
3PM | hattān | -hān |
3PF | hattīn | -hīn |
Demonstrative pronouns
Distance | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
masc. | fem. | masc. | fem. | |
Near | sā | sī | sān | sīn |
Far | tā | tī | tān | tīn |
Nouns and adjectives
Nouns do not decline for case.
There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending -ā.
There are two numbers: singular and plural.
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and definiteness.
The definite article is ha-, which is prefixed to the noun/adjective causes the first consonant to geminate if it is not pharngeal or glottal. There is no indefinite article.
Below is an example declension for the adjective bān "clear":
Gender | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indef. | def. | indef. | def. | |
Masculine | bān | hab-bān | bānīn | hab-bānīn |
Feminine | bānā | hab-bānā | bānān | hab-bānān |