Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions

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==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Modern Gothic is written in a version of Wulfilas' Gothic alphabet, albeit with Greek influences. These include the use of sigma form of σɑnɥл ''saujl'', as well as the adoption of bicameralism with the Greek minuscules being used for the majuscules that resembled the Greek uppercase. There are also Romance influences, such as the way spirantized consonants are written with a following r ''h'' (called ɑpл ''awl''). However in the modern day it has become a diacritic above the letter that resembles an inverted breve, e.g. μıʒ̑vɑ̑ꞇ ''mizhnȃt''.
Modern Gothic is written in a version of Wulfilas' Gothic alphabet, albeit with Greek influences. These include the use of sigma form of σɑnɥл ''saujl'', as well as the adoption of bicameralism with the Greek minuscules being used for the majuscules that resembled the Greek uppercase. There are also Romance influences, such as the way spirantized consonants are written with a following r ''h'' (called ɑqл ''awl''). However in the modern day it has become a diacritic above the letter that resembles an inverted breve, e.g. μıʒ̑vɑ̑ꞇ ''mizhnaht''.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="colgroup" colspan="4" | Gothic                                                !! Name            !! IPA !! scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Latin
|-
| scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Uppercase || scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Lowercase ||                ||    || Uppercase || Lowercase
|-
| [[File:GothicA.png|thumb]] || Ʌ || [[File:Gothic.a.png|thumb]] || ɑ                  || ɑσp ''ask''    || a  || A        || a
|-
| [[File:GothicB.png|thumb]] || B || [[File:Gothic.b.png|thumb]] || η                  || ηεþp ''berk''  || b  || B        || b
|-
| [[File:GothicG.png|thumb]] || Γ || [[File:Gothic.g.png|thumb]] || c                  || cb ''gy''      || g  || G        || g
|-
| [[File:GothicD.png|thumb]] || Δ || [[File:Gothic.d.png|thumb]] || ɔ                  || ɔɑp̑ ''dach''    || d  || D        || d
|-
| [[File:GothicE.png|thumb]] || Є || [[File:Gothic.e.png|thumb]] || ε                  || bε ''ioe''      || ε  || E        || e
|-
| [[File:GothicEU.png|thumb]] || Ɵ || [[File:Gothic.eu.png|thumb]] || ɵ                || ɵþϕɑσσ ''eurthass'' || ɪ  || Eu    || eu
|-
| [[File:GothicÖ.png|thumb]] || Ɛ || [[File:Gothic.ö.png|thumb]] || e                  || eþϕ ''eorth''  || œ  || Eo        || eo
|-
| [[File:GothicSchwa.png|thumb]] || Э || [[File:Gothic.schwa.png|thumb]] || ɜ          || σ̇ƚɑɑ ''shfaa''  || ə  || A        || a
|-
| [[File:GothicZ.png|thumb]] || Z || [[File:Gothic.z.png|thumb]] || ʒ                  || b ''io''        || z  || Z        || z
|-
| [[File:GothicH.png|thumb]] || Һ || [[File:Gothic.h.png|thumb]] || r                  || ɑqл ''awl''    || h  || H        || h
|-
| [[File:GothicÐ.png|thumb]] || Ψ || [[File:Gothic.ð.png|thumb]] || ϕ                  || ϕuϕ '' thiuth  || θ  || Th        || th
|-
| [[File:GothicI.png|thumb]] || I || [[File:Gothic.i.png|thumb]] || ı                  || εıε ''eie''    || i  || I        || i
|-
| [[File:GothicIU.png|thumb]] || U || [[File:Gothic.iu.png|thumb]] || u                || μup̑ ''miuch''  || ɨ  || Iu        || iu
|-
| [[File:GothicY.png|thumb]] || Ю || [[File:Gothic.y.png|thumb]] || b                  || cebл ''geiol''  || y  || Io        || io
|-
| [[File:GothicK.png|thumb]] || P || [[File:Gothic.k.png|thumb]] || p                  || pnσɑμ ''kusam'' || k  || K        || k
|-
| [[File:GothicL.png|thumb]] || λ || [[File:Gothic.l.png|thumb]] || л                  || лɑq ''law''    || l  || L        || l
|-
| [[File:GothicM.png|thumb]] || M || [[File:Gothic.m.png|thumb]] || μ                  || μɑvv ''mann''  || m  || M        || m
|-
| [[File:GothicN.png|thumb]] || N || [[File:Gothic.n.png|thumb]] || v                  || vɑnϕ ''nauth''  || n  || N        || n
|-
| [[File:GothicJ.png|thumb]] || G || [[File:Gothic.j.png|thumb]] || ɥ                  || ɥεεþ ''jeer''  || j  || J        || j
|-
| [[File:GothicU.png|thumb]] || Ƞ || [[File:Gothic.u.png|thumb]] || n                  || onþε ''oure''  || u  || U        || u
|-
| [[File:GothicUI.png|thumb]] || Ɱ || [[File:Gothic.ui.png|thumb]] || m                || ponı ''koui''  || ʊ  || Ui        || ui
|-
| [[File:GothicP.png|thumb]] || Π || [[File:Gothic.p.png|thumb]] || ϖ                  || ϖεþϕ ''perth''  || p  || P        || p
|-
| [[File:GothicR.png|thumb]] || Ꙡ || [[File:Gothic.r.png|thumb]] || þ                  || þɑıɔ̑ ''raidh''  || r  || R        || r
|-
| [[File:GothicS.png|thumb]] || Σ || [[File:Gothic.s.png|thumb]] || σ                  || σɑnɥл ''saujl'' || s  || S        || s
|-
| [[File:GothicT.png|thumb]] || T || [[File:Gothic.t.png|thumb]] || ꞇ                  || ꞇεın ''teiu''  || t  || T        || t
|-
| [[File:GothicW.png|thumb]] || Ч || [[File:Gothic.w.png|thumb]] || q                  || qıvɥ ''winj''  || w  || W        || w
|-
| [[File:GothicV.png|thumb]] || Y || [[File:Gothic.v.png|thumb]] || ɣ                  || ɣε ''ve''      || v  || V        || v
|-
| [[File:GothicF.png|thumb]] || F || [[File:Gothic.f.png|thumb]] || ƚ                  || ƚɑɑ ''faa''    || f  || F        || f
|-
| [[File:GothicO.png|thumb]] || O || [[File:Gothic.o.png|thumb]] || o                  || ooϕɑл ''oothal'' || ɔ  || O        || o
|-
|}


==Standard New Gothic ==
==Standard New Gothic ==
Line 96: Line 162:
==== Metathesis ====
==== Metathesis ====
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br>
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br>
* Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → μɑ̑p ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br>
* Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → μɑ̑þ ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br>
* Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ''lȃȃjz / lȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'.
* Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ''lȃȃjz / lȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'.


Line 107: Line 173:
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded. <br>
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded. <br>
* Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 ''wintrus'' → ''*iontrus'' → bꞇꞇþɑ ''iottra'' / ıꞇꞇɜþ ''itter'' / bꞇꞇþ NMG ''yttr'', 'winter'. <br>
* Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 ''wintrus'' → ''*iontrus'' → bꞇꞇþɑ ''iottra'' / ıꞇꞇɜþ ''itter'' / bꞇꞇþ NMG ''yttr'', 'winter'. <br>
* Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 ''fidwor'' →  ꝼıɔoɑþ / ꝼıɔoþ ''fidoar / fidor '', 'four'. <br>
* Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 ''fidwor'' →  ƚıɔoɑþ / ƚıɔoþ ''fidoar / fidor '', 'four'. <br>
* Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 ''thiuda'' → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ ''thiudh / thiuth'', 'people'.
* Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 ''thiuda'' → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ ''thiudh / thiuth'', 'people'.

Revision as of 05:37, 20 July 2023


Modern Gothic
Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, Gusanrazd
Γnσɜvþɑþɔ, Gusenrard
Pronunciation[/ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/
/ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/]
Created bysjacik
SettingUnnamed Alternate Timeline
Native toGothia
Early form
Official status
Official language in
Gothia
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Modern Gothic is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ.

Throughout this article I will be using a combination of Greek, Cyrillic, and Latin (both regular as well as some of the Insular forms that have Unicode representations) in order to write MG in a way that resembles its native script.

Setting

Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day.

Dialects

Modern Gothic is divided into 2 branches: Coastal and Eastern. Coastal is comprised of both the Standard form of the language, as well as the Colloquial form which is closer to how the language is spoken in the modern day. Eastern Gothic is the term for a group of dialects that have diverged heavily from the coastal varieties.

From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard.

Orthography

Modern Gothic is written in a version of Wulfilas' Gothic alphabet, albeit with Greek influences. These include the use of sigma form of σɑnɥл saujl, as well as the adoption of bicameralism with the Greek minuscules being used for the majuscules that resembled the Greek uppercase. There are also Romance influences, such as the way spirantized consonants are written with a following r h (called ɑqл awl). However in the modern day it has become a diacritic above the letter that resembles an inverted breve, e.g. μıʒ̑vɑ̑ꞇ mizhnaht.

Gothic Name IPA Latin
Uppercase Lowercase Uppercase Lowercase
GothicA.png
Ʌ
Gothic.a.png
ɑ ɑσp ask a A a
GothicB.png
B
Gothic.b.png
η ηεþp berk b B b
GothicG.png
Γ
Gothic.g.png
c cb gy g G g
GothicD.png
Δ
Gothic.d.png
ɔ ɔɑp̑ dach d D d
GothicE.png
Є
Gothic.e.png
ε bε ioe ε E e
GothicEU.png
Ɵ
Gothic.eu.png
ɵ ɵþϕɑσσ eurthass ɪ Eu eu
GothicÖ.png
Ɛ
Gothic.ö.png
e eþϕ eorth œ Eo eo
GothicSchwa.png
Э
Gothic.schwa.png
ɜ σ̇ƚɑɑ shfaa ə A a
GothicZ.png
Z
Gothic.z.png
ʒ b io z Z z
GothicH.png
Һ
Gothic.h.png
r ɑqл awl h H h
GothicÐ.png
Ψ
Gothic.ð.png
ϕ ϕuϕ thiuth θ Th th
GothicI.png
I
Gothic.i.png
ı εıε eie i I i
GothicIU.png
U
Gothic.iu.png
u μup̑ miuch ɨ Iu iu
GothicY.png
Ю
Gothic.y.png
b cebл geiol y Io io
GothicK.png
P
Gothic.k.png
p pnσɑμ kusam k K k
GothicL.png
λ
Gothic.l.png
л лɑq law l L l
GothicM.png
M
Gothic.m.png
μ μɑvv mann m M m
GothicN.png
N
Gothic.n.png
v vɑnϕ nauth n N n
GothicJ.png
G
Gothic.j.png
ɥ ɥεεþ jeer j J j
GothicU.png
Ƞ
Gothic.u.png
n onþε oure u U u
GothicUI.png
Ɱ
Gothic.ui.png
m ponı koui ʊ Ui ui
GothicP.png
Π
Gothic.p.png
ϖ ϖεþϕ perth p P p
GothicR.png
Ꙡ
Gothic.r.png
þ þɑıɔ̑ raidh r R r
GothicS.png
Σ
Gothic.s.png
σ σɑnɥл saujl s S s
GothicT.png
T
Gothic.t.png
ꞇ ꞇεın teiu t T t
GothicW.png
Ч
Gothic.w.png
q qıvɥ winj w W w
GothicV.png
Y
Gothic.v.png
ɣ ɣε ve v V v
GothicF.png
F
Gothic.f.png
ƚ ƚɑɑ faa f F f
GothicO.png
O
Gothic.o.png
o ooϕɑл oothal ɔ O o

Standard New Gothic

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Nasal m n (ŋ)1
Stop p2 b t2 d k2 g
Affricate tʃ dʒ
Fricative f v3 θ ð t s ʃ ʒ x (h)4
Approximant j
Trill r

1 /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops
2 The voiceless stops are unaspirated
3 /v/ is realized as [w] intervocally
4 /h/ is only found between vowels, and is used to break up vowel sequences

Vowels

Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded
Close i iː iə̯ y yː yə̯ ɨ ɨː u uː uə̯
Close-mid ɪ eː eə̯ øː øə̯ ʊ oː oə̯
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ œ œː œə̯ ə ɔ ɔː ɔə̯
Open a aː aə̯ ɑ ɑː ɑə̯

/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds.
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened.

Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic

General

/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/.

  • Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 qiman → *kwiman → pbμɑʒ kiomaz / pıμɜσ kimes / pbμσ kyms, 'to come'.

/mn/ assimilated to /mː/.

  • Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 himins → *himms → εμμ emm, 'heaven'.

Elision

Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel.

  • Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 alamanns → *almanns → ɑлμɑvv almann, 'German'.

Metathesis

This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel.

  • Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 marhs → *mahrs → μɑ̑þ mȃr, 'horse'.
  • Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 hlahjan → *lhahjn → лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ lȃȃjz / lȃȃjs, 'to laugh'.

H-Lowering

V + h clusters, or h + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened.

  • Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 hardus → ɑ̑þɔ ȃrd, 'hard'.
  • Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 saihs → *saas → σɑɑ saa, 'six'.

W-Rounding

V + w clusters, or w + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded.

  • Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 wintrus → *iontrus → bꞇꞇþɑ iottra / ıꞇꞇɜþ itter / bꞇꞇþ NMG yttr, 'winter'.
  • Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 fidwor → ƚıɔoɑþ / ƚıɔoþ fidoar / fidor , 'four'.
  • Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 thiuda → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ thiudh / thiuth, 'people'.
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