IPA for Zjiiama Knrawi

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Zjiiama Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA guides.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Biscayan
Brittainese
Central Isles Creole
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Etlish
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Iaskyon
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Knrawi
Kunarek
Luthic
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Modern Coptic
Nawuhu
Oltic
Owaex
Pomorian
Qafesona
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Sinatolean
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent Consonants f huf small face fʰ ufh middle face fˣ fjmm to hold face ɣ ay red agave (Spanish) ɣˀ mupyy wrong agave (Spanish) ɣʷ iciui hermit agua (Spanish) h ceh many have j shaia house yet ʝ yui honey rayo (Spanish) k hyk sugarcane scout kʰ nkh far cow kˣ kja sand cow kʲ tjic to cook ski kʲʰ chin song key kʲˣ cji black key kʷ guq small island square kʷʰ uqh snake queen kʷˣ yqj to grow queen m iim because man mˀ mm̀ to steal man n jna star not nˀ guváan event not ŋ thga wind sang ŋˀ suiggi back sang p puskj yam spin pʰ cuph snake burrow pin p͡fˣ guvpj posture Pferd (German) r marg south rayo (Spanish) rˀ knyirra spouse rayo (Spanish) s cniztí to try sing sʰ zherg cloud sing sˣ zjnr to eat sing ʃ sefḿ fear shin ʃʰ shera thunder shin t riti eye start tʰ nth water tart t͡sˣ tjay sick tart t͡ʃ cmm sky chart t͡ʃʰ chuh raw chart t͡ʃˣ cjuq net chart v vuin corner have vˀ qvvs ball have w rtiu where wing x jua all loch xʲ sjari city he xʲʰ shiupii wheat noodles he xʷ wmaa time white z tjer soft zoo zˀ suar marten zoo ɰ aythá jasper agave (Spanish) ɰˀ ayyai mosquito agave (Spanish) ʔ ua fish uh-oh ʔ̞ gùaa language uh-oh

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent Vowels a agu face father aː aà to say father ɒ kjaw to puncture bot ɒː uái lizard bot ə sheya large island about i it head beet iː krii to die beet o̞ zjeyu shore boat u cuy angry boot uː auu dog boot Tones ˥ ik to see ˩ ìy to break ˥˩ shû east

Differences from standard Knrawi

• /n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
• /k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ,x̟ˣ/ are realized as [t͡ʃ,t͡ʃʰ,t͡ʃˣ,ʃ,ʃʰ,xʲ].
  • /k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ adjacent to /ɪ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,kʲˣ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
• /k̠,k̠ʰ,k̠ˣ,x̠/ are realized as [k,kʰ,kˣ,x].
• /tˣ/ and [pˣ] are realized as [t͡sˣ] and [p͡fˣ].
• /ʍ/ is realized as [xʷ].
• /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [s,sʰ,sˣ].
  • Labialized /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [f,fʰ,fˣ].
• /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
  • Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
  • Fortified /ɹ/ is realized as [z].
• /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
  • Fortified /ɉ/ is realized as [ɣ].
  • /ɉ/ and [j,w] adjacent to high vowels are realized as [ɣ] and [ʝ,ɣʷ].
• Fortition occurs word-finally.
  • [ʔ̞] is realized as [ʔ] word-finally.
• Voiced geminants are glottalized.
• Sequences of [ʔ̞] and voiced consonants are realized as glottalized consonants.
• Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
  • Word-initial and pre-sonorant syllabic consonants are realized as [Cə].
  • Syllabic consonants with an identical adjacent consonant are realized as [əCˀ] or [Cˀə].
• /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
  • /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [iː,uː].
  • Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ (but not /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/) are realized as [ə,o̞].
• /a/ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
• Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
  • [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
  • [ə] if not [o̞].
• Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
  • [aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants except [w] or [ɣʷ].