Hohojiro: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Hohojiro
|name = Hohojiro
|creator = Hohojiro people (actually User:Tilt5951 )
|creator = User:Tilt5951
|created = June 9 2024
|created = June 9 2024
|created = 9870s
|created = 9870s
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!colspan="2" scope="col"|Glottal
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Glottal
|-
|-
!scope="row"  colspan=2|Plosive
!scope="row"  colspan=2|Plosives
|colspan="2"|p
|colspan="2"|p
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
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!scope="row" colspan=2|Nasals
!scope="row" colspan=2|Nasals
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|n
|colspan="2"|n
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ɲ
|colspan="2"|ɲ
|colspan="2"|ŋ
|colspan="2"|ŋ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
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!scope="row" colspan=2|Trills
!scope="row" colspan=2|Trills
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|s
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|z
|colspan="2"|r
|colspan="2"|ʃ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Taps and Flaps
!scope="row" colspan=2|Taps and Flaps
|colspan="2"|ɓ
|colspan="2"|ⱱ
|colspan="2"|ɾ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|r
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ʀ
|colspan="2"|ʀʷ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
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!scope="row" colspan=2|Fricatives
!scope="row" colspan=2|Fricatives
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ɬ
|colspan="2"|f
|colspan="2"|s, z
|colspan="2"|ʃ
|colspan="2"|ç
|colspan="2"|ç
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|χ
|colspan="2"|h
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Approximants
|colspan="2"|w
|colspan="2"|ʋ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|j
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Approximants
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Approximants
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ʎ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|l
|colspan="2"|j
|colspan="2"|ɥ
|colspan="2"|ɰ
|colspan="2"|w
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
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Notes:  
Notes:  
* /{{IPA|z}}/ is from Old Keren #'VsV & #ri. For these speakers, that has /{{IPA|z}}/ in palatal group (see below), only from #ri is in this group.
* Hohojiro language has no sound of /m/, but uses /ɓ/ instead if needed
** /{{IPA|l}}/ also is from Old Keren #'VɬV & #d. If #d occurs before #i, was paltalised to /{{IPA|ɥ}}/ after rounded vowels & to #d͡ʒ after non-rounded vowels & turned to modern /At͡ʃ˩/ (see consonant alternations)
 
====Consonant groups====
* Labial: /{{IPA|p, m, ŋʷ, w, ɥ, ʀʷ, kʷ}}/
* Palatal: /{{IPA|ɲ, t͡ʃ, ʃ, j, ç}}/ & for some archaic speakers - /{{IPA|ɥ, t͡s, z}}/
* Neutral: /{{IPA|t, n, ŋ, r, ɬ, ʀ, ɰ, l, k, s, z, t͡s}}/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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!scope="col" colspan=2 width="30px" |
!scope="col" colspan=2 width="30px" |
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Front
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Front
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Middle
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Near-back
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Back
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Back
|-
|-
!scope="row"  colspan=2|High
!scope="row"  colspan=2|Close
|colspan="2"|i
|colspan="2"|i
|colspan="2"|ɨ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"  colspan=2|Near-Close
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ʊ
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Mid
!scope="row" colspan=2|Close-mid
|colspan="2"|e
|colspan="2"|e
|cols[am="2"|o
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|o
|-
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Low
!scope="row" colspan=2|Mid
|colspan="4"|a
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ə
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Open-mid
|colspan="2"|
|cols[am="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="3"|ʌ, ɔ
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Open
|colspan="2"|a
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|ɑ, ɒ
|}
|}
Notes:
* /{{IPA|e, o}}/ are [{{IPA|ɛ, ɔ}}] in open syllabes, [{{IPA|e, ɵ}}] after palatal consonant in unstressed syllabes, [{{IPA|e̞, o̞}}] in clossed syllabes & [{{IPA|ɛ, ʌ}}] in open unstressed syllabes (if previous consonant is not labialised or labial)
* /{{IPA|a}}/ is [{{IPA|ɒ}}] after labialised or labial consonant, [{{IPA|æ}}] after palatal consonant & [{{IPA|ə}}] in unstressed closed syllabes
* /{{IPA|i}}/ is [{{IPA|ɨ}}] in stressed syllabes
* vowel lenght is phonemic
** /{{IPA|oː}}/ can be [{{IPA|u̯o}}] in stressed position for some speakers
===Syllabes===
Keren syllabes occur as (C)(C)V(:)(C)(C²)T where (C²) is one of these three consonants /{{IPA|r, n, m}}/, that can be stressed independently as syllabic consonants. (T) is mid tone /{{IPA|˧}}/ (unmarked/default), low tone /{{IPA|˩}}/ or “question tone” - /{{IPA|˧˩˥}}/ (only in question particle). Some speakers can ad [{{IPA|ə̥}}] between onset-syllabes consonant cluster, at least in unstressed syllabes. Low-toned syllabes work as stressed syllabes.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Stress is penultimate. Secondary stress is on first syllabe & occurs in word with at least five syllabes (for some archaic speakers, at least four).
The stress in the Hohojiro language is on the penultimate syllable of the word, if it's native


==Grammar==
==Grammar==


===Syntax===
===Syntax===
Keren is SVO in positive clausules, VSO in negative clausules & SOV in question clausules.
In Hohojiro syntax is mostly OVS.  


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====N-type nouns====
====K-type nouns====


===Consonant alternations===
====Cases====
====Lateral mutation====
Hohojiro has 18 cases:
====Palatal mutation====
* Nominative
====Labial mutation====
* Ergative
====Vocalic mutation====
* Dative
* Accusative
* Instrumental
* Locative
* Genitive
* Ablative
* Vocative
* Allative
* Temporalis
* Inessive
* Illative
* Elative
* Adessive
* Subessive
* Translative
* Terminative
* Superessive

Revision as of 20:23, 9 July 2024

Hohojiro

Hohojiro
T̬̂T̬̂V̝̰̈X̩̰̂
Pronunciation[ho.ho.'ɟi.ɾo]
Created byTilt5951
Date9870s
Native toHohojiro Republic(official), Free State of Najiro(second official language)
EthnicityHohojiro people
Native speakers~1092865(in Hohojiro Republic) (12036)
Clanic language family
  • Hohojiro
Early forms
Proto-Clanic
  • Proto-Eastern Clanic
    • Old Hojiro
      • OId Hohojiro

Background

Hohojiro language is a Western Clanic language, that is a branch of Clanic language family of Clani-Cephalopodic language marcofamily

Phonology

Hohojiro has

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosives p t, d c, ɟ k, g
Nasals n ɲ ŋ
Trills r
Taps and Flaps ɓ ⱱ ɾ
Fricatives f s, z ʃ ç χ h
Approximants w ʋ j
Lateral Approximants ʎ

Notes:

  • Hohojiro language has no sound of /m/, but uses /ɓ/ instead if needed

Vowels

Front Middle Near-back Back
Close i ɨ
Near-Close ʊ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ʌ, ɔ
Open a ɑ, ɒ

Prosody

The stress in the Hohojiro language is on the penultimate syllable of the word, if it's native

Grammar

Syntax

In Hohojiro syntax is mostly OVS.

Nouns

Cases

Hohojiro has 18 cases:

  • Nominative
  • Ergative
  • Dative
  • Accusative
  • Instrumental
  • Locative
  • Genitive
  • Ablative
  • Vocative
  • Allative
  • Temporalis
  • Inessive
  • Illative
  • Elative
  • Adessive
  • Subessive
  • Translative
  • Terminative
  • Superessive
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