Þiudiskon: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular | ! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular | ||
| {{term|ïz}} || {{term|uz}} || {{term|uzërar}} || {{term|uzir}} | | {{term|ïz}} || {{term|uz}} || {{term|uzërar}} || {{term|uzir}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | plural | ! colspan=2 | plural | ||
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The day-to-day form, an interesting forced change happens here, where the original instrumental endings become particles, 'ö' for singular and 'iz' for plural. | The day-to-day form, an interesting forced change happens here, where the original instrumental endings become particles, 'ö' for singular and 'iz' for plural. The dual forms are becoming quite rare, to the point they're not taught till considerably later than everything else. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== |
Revision as of 17:59, 11 October 2024
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Ravenish | |
---|---|
þiudiskon | |
Pronunciation | [θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn] |
Created by | wfosøra |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Old Ravenish (attested)
|
Ravenish (autoglossonym: þiudiskon; Ravenish: [θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn]) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now North Ostrobothnia. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Germanic, Finnish influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar.
Introduction
Goals
- Fun
- Learn more Germanic
Setting
Inspiration
- Finnish
- Proto-Germanic
- My love for old Germanic languages
Etymology
The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.
Phonology
Orthography
IPA | Letter | |
---|---|---|
/ɑ, ɑː/ | a, aa | |
/v/ | b | |
/ʁ/ | g | |
/ð/ | d | |
/e, eː/ | e, ee | |
/ɤ, ɤː/ | ë, ëë | |
/kʷ/ | kw | |
/z, ʒ/ | z | |
/χ/ | h | |
/θ/ | þ | |
/i, iː/ | i, ii | |
/y, yː/ | ï, ïï | |
/k/ | k | |
/l/ | l | |
/l̥/ | hl | |
/m/ | m | |
/n/ | n | |
/j/ | j | |
/u, uː/ | u, uu | |
/p/ | p | |
/æ, æː/ | ä, ää | |
/r/ | r | |
/r̥/ | hr | |
/s, ʃ/ | s | |
/t/ | t | |
/w/ | w | |
/f/ | f | |
/χʷ/ | hw | |
/o, oː/ | o, oo | |
/ø, øː/ | ö, öö |
Consonants
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.
Labial | Dental | alveolar | post- alveolar |
palatal | Velar /Uvular | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)¹, ŋʷ² | |||||||||
Stop | p | t̪, t̪ʷ | k, kʷ | |||||||||
Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s, sʷ | z | (ʃ)³ | (ʒ)⁴ | χ, χʷ | ʁ, ʁʷ | ||
Approximant | w | l̥ | l | j | ||||||||
Trill | r̥ | r |
- allophone of /n/ before /k/
- allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
- allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
- allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/
Vowels
Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.
Front | Back | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||||||||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |||||||||
Close | i | iː | y | yː | u | uː | ||||||||||
mid | e | eː | ø | øː | ɤ | ɤː | o | oː | ||||||||
Open | æ | æː | ɑ | ɑː |
Diphthongs
Diphthongs | Ending with /i/ | Ending with /u/ | Ending with /y/ | Opening |
---|---|---|---|---|
Starting with /ɑ/ | ⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯] | ⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯] | ||
Starting with /æ/ | ⟨äi⟩ [æi̯] | ⟨äy⟩ [æy̯] | ||
Starting with /o/ | ⟨oi⟩ [oi̯] | ⟨ou⟩ [ou̯] | ||
Starting with /e/ | ⟨ei⟩ [ei̯] | ⟨eu⟩ [eu̯] | ⟨ey⟩ [ey̯] | |
Starting with /ø/ | ⟨öi⟩ [øi̯] | ⟨öy⟩ [øy̯] | ||
Starting with /u/ | ⟨ui⟩ [ui̯] | ⟨uo⟩ [uo̯] | ||
Starting with /i/ | ⟨iu⟩ [iu̯] | ⟨iy⟩ [iy̯] | ⟨ie⟩ [ie̯] |
Sound Changes from OR
Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/
Prosody
Stress
Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Take ALL forms with '?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.
Pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | ik | mik | mïïnäz | miz | |
dual | wit | unk | unkëraz | unkiz | ||
plural | wiz | uns | unsëraz | unsiz | ||
second person |
singular | þuu | þik | þïïnäz | þiz | |
dual | jut | ïnkw | ïnkweräz | ïnkwiz | ||
plural | juuz | izwiz | izweräz | izwiz | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | iz | ïnön | es | ïmmäi |
feminine | sii | iijon | ezäz | ezöi | ||
neuter | it | it | es | ïmmäi | ||
plural | masculine | iiz | ïnz | ezöön | ïmäz | |
feminine | ijääz | ijaaz | ezöön | ïmäz | ||
neuter | ijo | ijo | ezöön | ïmäz | ||
reflexive | se | sik | sïïnäz | siz |
The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers.
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | mïk | muk | mukëraz | mukiz | |
dual | ïnk | unk | unkëraz | unkiz | ||
plural | ïns | uns | unsëraz | unsiz | ||
second person |
singular | þïk | þuk | þukëraz | þukiz | |
dual | ïnkw | unkw | unkwëraz | unkwiz | ||
plural | ïzw | uzw | uzwëraz | uzwiz | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | ïz | uz | es | ymmäi |
feminine | sïï | suu | ||||
neuter | ït | ut | ||||
plural | masculine | ïïz | uuz | ezöön | ymäz | |
feminine | ïjääz | ujaaz | ||||
neuter | ïjö | ujo | ||||
reflexive | se | së | sëëraz | sëiz |
The standard form taught to foreigners, understood by everyone, like MSA where almost no natives actually speak it.
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | mïk | muk | mukërar | mukir | |
dual | ïnk | unk | unkërar | unkir | ||
plural | ïns | uns | unsërar | unsir | ||
second person |
singular | þïk | þuk | þukërar | þukir | |
dual | ïnkw | unkw | unkwërar | unkwir | ||
plural | ïzw | uzw | uzwërar | uzwir | ||
third person |
singular | ïz | uz | uzërar | uzir | |
plural | ïïr | uur | uuzërar | uuzir | ||
reflexive | se | së | sëërar | sëir |
The day-to-day form, an interesting forced change happens here, where the original instrumental endings become particles, 'ö' for singular and 'iz' for plural. The dual forms are becoming quite rare, to the point they're not taught till considerably later than everything else.
Nouns
Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.
a stems
ō stems
ī/jō stems
i stems
u stems
an stems
ōn stems
īn stems
r stems
z stems
Root nouns and consonant stems
Verbs
Adjectives and Determiners
Adverbs
Numbers
Syntax
Constituent order
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Beowulf Sentence 1
Language | Sentence 1 of Beowulf |
---|---|
English | Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do. |
Old English | Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. |
Ravenish (Formal) |
hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun |
Pronunciation (Formal) |
/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/ |