Þiudiskon

Old Ravenish
þiudiskon
Pronunciation	[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon]
Created by	wfosøra
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Proto-Ravenish Old Ravenish
Early form	Proto-Ravenish (Sparsely attested)
Writing system	Latin
ConWorkShop	MCORV

Ravenish (autoglossonym: þiudiskon; Modern Ravenish aldon þiudiskon; Ravenish:[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish.

Introduction

Goals

• Fun
• Learn more Germanic
• Learn more Finnish

Setting

• North Ostrobothnia

Inspiration

• Finnish
• Proto-Germanic
• My love for old Germanic languages

Etymology

The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography

IPA	Letter
/ɑ, ɑː/	a, aa
/v/	b
/ʁ/	g
/ð/	d
/e, eː/	e, ee
/ɤ, ɤː/	ë, ëë
/kʷ/	kw
/z, ʒ/	z
/χ/	h
/θ/	þ
/i, iː/	i, ii
/y, yː/	ï, ïï
/k/	k
/l/	l
/l̥/	hl
/m/	m
/n/	n
/j/	j
/u, uː/	u, uu
/p/	p
/æ, æː/	ä, ää
/r/	r
/r̥/	hr
/s, ʃ/	s
/t/	t
/w/	w
/f/	f
/χʷ/	hw
/o, oː/	o, oo
/ø, øː/	ö, öö

Consonants

Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.

Consonant phonemes

	Labial		Dental		alveolar		post- alveolar		palatal		Velar /Uvular
Nasal		m				n						(ŋ)¹, ŋʷ²
Stop	p		t̪, t̪ʷ								k, kʷ
Fricative	f	v	θ	ð	s, sʷ	z	(ʃ)³	(ʒ)⁴			χ, χʷ	ʁ, ʁʷ
Approximant		w			l̥	l				j
Trill					r̥	r

1. allophone of /n/ before /k/
2. allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
3. allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
4. allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/

Vowels

Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.

Vowel phonemes

	Front								Back
	unrounded				rounded				unrounded				rounded
	short		long		short		long		short		long		short		long
Close	i		iː		y		yː						u		uː
mid	e		eː		ø		øː		ɤ		ɤː		o		oː
Open	æ		æː						ɑ		ɑː

Diphthongs

Diphthongs	Ending with /i/	Ending with /u/	Ending with /y/	Opening
Starting with /ɑ/	⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯]	⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯]
Starting with /æ/	⟨äi⟩ [æi̯]		⟨äy⟩ [æy̯]
Starting with /o/	⟨oi⟩ [oi̯]	⟨ou⟩ [ou̯]
Starting with /e/	⟨ei⟩ [ei̯]	⟨eu⟩ [eu̯]	⟨ey⟩ [ey̯]
Starting with /ø/	⟨öi⟩ [øi̯]		⟨öy⟩ [øy̯]
Starting with /u/	⟨ui⟩ [ui̯]			⟨uo⟩ [uo̯]
Starting with /i/		⟨iu⟩ [iu̯]	⟨iy⟩ [iy̯]	⟨ie⟩ [ie̯]

Sound Changes from OR

Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/

Prosody

Stress

Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.

Morphology

Take ALL forms with '^?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.

Pronouns

Formal personal pronouns

			Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
first person	singular		ik	mik	mïïnäz	miz
	dual		wit	unk	unkëraz	unkiz
	plural		wiz	uns	unsëraz	unsiz
second person	singular		þuu	þik	þïïnäz	þiz
	dual		jut	ïnkw	ïnkweräz	ïnkwiz
	plural		juuz	izwiz	izweräz	izwiz
third person	singular	masculine	iz	ïnön	es	ïmmäi
		feminine	sii	iijon	ezäz	ezöi
		neuter	it	it	es	ïmmäi
	plural	masculine	iiz	ïnz	ezöön	ïmäz
		feminine	ijääz	ijaaz	ezöön	ïmäz
		neuter	ijo	ijo	ezöön	ïmäz
reflexive			se	sik	sïïnäz	siz

The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers.

Standard/colloquial personal pronouns

			Nominative	Accusative
first person	singular		ik	mik
	dual		wit	unk
	plural		wiz	uns
second person	singular		þuu	þik
	dual		jut	ïnkw
	plural		juuz	izwiz
third person	singular	masculine	iz	ïnon
		feminine	sii	ijon
		neuter	it	it
	plural	masculine	iiz	ïnz
		feminine	ijaaz	ijaz
		neuter	ijo	ijo
reflexive			se	sik

Genitive is regularized to the suffix '-eräz'/'-ëraz', Dative is lost

Nouns

Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.

Syntax

Constituent order

The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.

Example texts

Beowulf Sentence 1

Language	Sentence 1 of Beowulf
English	Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do.
Old English	Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
Ravenish (Formal)	hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun
Pronunciation (Formal)	/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/

Other resources

• Swadesh
• Phrases
• lemmas