Hondish: Difference between revisions

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===Consonants===
===Consonants===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan=2 |  
! colspan=3 |  
! '''Bilabial'''
! '''Bilabial'''
! '''Labiodental'''
! '''Labiodental'''
Line 45: Line 45:
! '''Postalveolar'''
! '''Postalveolar'''
! '''Palatal'''
! '''Palatal'''
! '''Velar'''
! '''Velar/Uvular'''
! '''Glottal'''
! '''Glottal'''
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | '''Nasal'''
! colspan=3 | '''Nasal'''
| [m] ⟨m⟩
| m ⟨m⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 style="background: #F5F5F5;"|  
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;"|  
| [n] ⟨n⟩
| n ⟨n⟩
| style="border-style: solid solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ɲ] ⟨ņ⟩ || [ŋ] ⟨ng⟩
| ɲ ⟨ņ⟩
| rowspan=3 style="background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ŋ ⟨ng⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | '''Plosive'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
| p ⟨p⟩
| t ⟨t⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| k ⟨k⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Plosive'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
| [p] ⟨p⟩
| b ⟨b⟩
| [t] ⟨t⟩
| d ⟨d⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| (g ⟨gh⟩)
| [k] ⟨k⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 | '''Fricative'''
! rowspan=2 | '''{{small|sibillant}}'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
| [b] ⟨b⟩
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [d] ⟨d⟩
| s ⟨s⟩
| [g] ⟨g⟩
| ʃ ⟨sc⟩
| ɕ ⟨chj⟩
| x ⟨ch⟩
| h ⟨h⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Fricative'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
| rowspan=8 style="border-style: solid none solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| z ⟨z⟩
| [f] ⟨f⟩
| ʒ ⟨zc⟩
| [θ] ⟨th⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [s] ⟨s⟩
| ɣ ⟨g⟩
| [ʃ] ⟨sc⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| rowspan=4 style="border-style: none none solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [x] ⟨ch⟩
| [h] ⟨h⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''{{small|non-sibillant}}'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
| [v] ⟨v⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ð] ⟨dh⟩
| f ⟨f⟩
| [z] ⟨z⟩
| θ ⟨th⟩
| [ʒ] ⟨zc⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| ([ɣ] ⟨g⟩)
| ç ⟨hj⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Affricate'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
| rowspan=6 colspan=2 style="border-style: none none solid none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| v ⟨v⟩
| [ts] ⟨ts⟩
| ð ⟨dh⟩
| [tʃ] ⟨tsc⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none solid none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | '''Affricate'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
| ([dz] ⟨ds⟩)
| rowspan=5 colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| ([dʒ] ⟨dsc⟩)
| ts ⟨ts⟩
| tʃ ⟨tsc⟩
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Approximant'''
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! '''{{small|plain}}'''
| dz ⟨ds⟩
| [ɹ] ⟨r⟩
| dʒ ⟨dsc⟩
| rowspan=2 style="border-style: solid solid none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [j] ⟨j⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! '''{{small|labialised}}'''
! colspan=3 | '''Approximant'''
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ɥ] ⟨w̦⟩
| rowspan=1 style="border-style: solid solid none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [w] ⟨w⟩
| j ⟨j⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;" |  
| w ⟨w⟩
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | '''Lateral approximant'''
! colspan=3 | '''Lateral'''
| [l] ⟨l⟩  
| l ⟨l⟩  
| style="border-style: none solid solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="border-style: none solid solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ʎ] ⟨ļ⟩   
| ʎ ⟨ļ⟩   
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none solid solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan=3 | '''Rhotic'''
| colspan=4 | r ⟨r⟩
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|}
|}



Revision as of 19:41, 18 October 2024



Hondish
hunnech
Pronunciation[hynəx]
Created byUser:Uspesny mekkys
Date2022
Official status
Official language in
Hondey
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Hondish (hunnech) is a Celtic language spoken on the island of Hondey (Hondish: Hunne) in the North Sea. It is closely related to other living Celtic languages and forms its own distinct group in the Insular Celtic language group. Thorought history it has been significantly influenced by the Germanic languages, most notably Old Norse and its descendants, North Germanic languages as well as West Germanic languages, namely Dutch and to a lesser degree English. These influences manifest primarily in Hondish vocabulary and phonology, its morphology and syntax have been less affected.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar/Uvular Glottal
Nasal m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ ɲ ⟨ņ⟩ ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive voiceless p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ k ⟨k⟩
voiced b ⟨b⟩ d ⟨d⟩ (g ⟨gh⟩)
Fricative sibillant voiceless s ⟨s⟩ ʃ ⟨sc⟩ ɕ ⟨chj⟩ x ⟨ch⟩ h ⟨h⟩
voiced z ⟨z⟩ ʒ ⟨zc⟩ ɣ ⟨g⟩
non-sibillant voiceless f ⟨f⟩ θ ⟨th⟩ ç ⟨hj⟩
voiced v ⟨v⟩ ð ⟨dh⟩
Affricate voiceless ts ⟨ts⟩ tʃ ⟨tsc⟩
voiced dz ⟨ds⟩ dʒ ⟨dsc⟩
Approximant j ⟨j⟩ w ⟨w⟩
Lateral l ⟨l⟩ ʎ ⟨ļ⟩
Rhotic r ⟨r⟩

Vowels

Stressed vowels

Monophthongs
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long short long
High [ɪ] ⟨i⟩ [ei̯] ⟨ÿ⟩ [ʏ] ⟨y⟩ [øy̯] ⟨ye⟩ [ʉ] ⟨u⟩ [æʉ̯] ⟨au⟩ [ɯ] ⟨eu⟩ [ɯi̯] ⟨ei⟩ [ʊ] ⟨o⟩ ([uː] ⟨ôe⟩)
[iː] ⟨ie⟩ [yː] ⟨ŷe⟩ [ʉː] ⟨ue⟩ [ɯː] ⟨êu⟩ [ou̯] ⟨ou⟩
Mid [e] ⟨e⟩ [i̯e] ⟨ee⟩ [ø] ⟨ø⟩ [y̯ø] ⟨øe⟩ [o] ⟨o⟩ [u̯o] ⟨oe⟩
([eː] ⟨êe⟩) ([øː] ⟨ø̂e⟩) ([oː] ⟨ôe⟩)
Low [æ] ⟨a, æ⟩ [æː] ⟨ae, æ⟩ [a] ⟨a⟩ [aː] ⟨ae⟩
Diphthongs
ə i u
a [ai̯] ⟨ai⟩ [au̯] ⟨au⟩
e [eə̯] ⟨ea⟩ [eu̯] ⟨eü⟩
o [oə̯] ⟨oa⟩

Unstressed vowels

Unrounded Rounded
High [ɪ] ⟨i⟩ [ʉ] ⟨u⟩
Mid [ə] ⟨e⟩ [ɵ] ⟨o⟩
Low [ɐ] ⟨a⟩

Consonant mutations

Like other Celtic languages, Hondish initial consonants also undergo mutations. These mutations were originally triggerred by largely predictable assimilations at the borders of words and affixes. However, subsequent phonological changes often obscured the triggers of these mutations, leaving their triggering to morphology and syntax.

Native initials
Radical Lenition Nasalisation Aspiration
p b m f
b v m v
t d n θ
ts z ɲ θj
d ð n ð
z ðj ɲ ðj
k g ŋ x
ʒ ŋj xj
h w ŋ w (ɣ)
n
ʒ j ŋj j (ɣj)
ð j n dj
w gw
ɥ
l hl
ʎ
ɹ
f v v
hj j ɲ
x w ŋ
ʃ j ŋj
θ ð
m
n
ɲ
V n-V h-V
Loan word initials
Radical Lenition Nasalisation Aspiration
j ɲ dj
s z
z
v

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources