Saxuma: Difference between revisions

Saxuma (view source)

Revision as of 18:44, 3 December 2024

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→‎Case

Anisette Biscotti

569

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 ====Case====
-Nominals - including nouns, pronouns, and adjectives - in Saxuma take one of five cases. For nouns and adjectives, only the construct case requires any declension — all others use the base form along with a preposition or particle. Pronouns, however, have irregular declensions for all five cases.
+Nominals - including nouns, pronouns, and adjectives - in Saxuma take one of five cases. For nouns and adjectives, only the construct and dative-allative cases require any declension — the others use the base form, and potentially a particle. Pronouns, however, have irregular declensions for all five cases.
 * The '''direct''' case is the plain form of a nominal. It is used by default in any context where another marking is not required.
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 :: chicken.{{sc|cons}} child.{{sc|cons}} farmer → chicken of child.{{sc|cons}} farmer
 :: ''the farmer's child's chicken'' → ''the chicken of the farmer's child''
-* The '''dative-allative''' case is used both to mark the oblique argument of verbs, as well as to convey the motion of coming upon or landing on the motion's target, but not other forms of motion (which usually use the preposition ''eke'', meaning "towards"). Outside of pronouns, this is marked with the preposition ''ba'' ("upon").
+* The '''dative-allative''' case is used both to mark the oblique argument of verbs, as well as to convey the motion of coming upon or landing on the motion's target, but not other forms of motion (which usually use the preposition ''eke'', meaning "towards"). Outside of pronouns, this is marked with a prefix, determined regularly by the noun's initial phoneme, as below. Adjectives do not decline for the dative-allative.
+: Before initial i- or u-, prefix ''baz-''.
+:: ''ībi'' → ''bazîbi''
+:: ''umex'' → ''bazúmex''
+: Before other vowels and initial w- or y-, prefix ''bad-''.
+:: ''aska'' → ''badáska''
+:: ''emín'' → ''bademín''
+:: ''oqan'' → ''badóqan''
+:: ''wak'' → ''badwák''
+:: ''yūsi'' → ''badyûsi''
+: Before nasal consonants, prefix ''bo-''.
+:: ''may'' → ''bomáy''
+:: ''nir'' → ''bonír''
+: Before initial plosives, prefix ''baq-''. Some speakers also devoice voiced plosives when doing this.
+:: ''tek'' → ''baqték''
+:: ''gijo'' → ''baqgíjo'' or ''baqkíjo''
+: Before initial h- and f-, delete the initial consonant and prefix ''bat-''.
+:: ''hyō'' → ''batyô''
+:: ''hap'' → ''batáp''
+:: ''fenyo'' → ''batényo''
+: Before initial v-, delete the v- and prefix ''bab-''.
+:: ''viko'' → ''babíko''
+: Before initial s- and x-, prefix ''bat-'', and before initial z- or j-, prefix ''bad-''.
+:: ''zen'' → ''badzén''
+:: ''xek'' → ''batxék''
+: Before initial l- and r-, prefix ''ba-.''
+: ''rik'' → ''barík''
+: ''lobo'' → ''balóbo''
 ====Number====