Verse:Hmøøh/Suwáábyíq/Literature: Difference between revisions
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|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = '' | |nativename = ''wiebem Muts'' | ||
|pronunciation= / | |pronunciation= /viːbəm muːts/ | ||
|region = | |region = Wiebermein | ||
|extinct = Developed into [[Middle | |extinct = Developed into [[Middle Wiebian]] in 400 v.C. | ||
|familycolor=gamedan | |familycolor=gamedan | ||
|fam1= [[Gamedan languages|Gamedan]] | |fam1= [[Gamedan languages|Gamedan]] | ||
|fam2= [[Pfiunic languages|Pfiunic]] | |fam2= [[Pfiunic languages|Pfiunic]] | ||
|fam3= [[ | |fam3= [[Wiebian|Wiebic]] | ||
|script= | |script=Wiebian script (read: Fraktur gib. Because German) | ||
|iso3=qwb | |iso3=qwb | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
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[[Wiobian/Sketchbook|Sandbox]]<br/> | [[Wiobian/Sketchbook|Sandbox]]<br/> | ||
[[Wiobian/Lexicon|Lexicon]]<br/> | [[Wiobian/Lexicon|Lexicon]]<br/> | ||
[[Wiobian/Verse| | [[Wiobian/Verse|Wiebian verse]]<br/> | ||
[[Wiobian/Music|About | [[Wiobian/Music|About Wiebian music]]<br/> | ||
[[ | [[Wiebian/Wiebian]]<br/> | ||
[[Wiobian/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch ansehen]]<br/> | [[Wiobian/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch ansehen]]<br/> | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Classical Wiebian''' is the oldest attested form of [[ | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Classical Wiebian''' is the oldest attested form of [[Wiebian]], used as a spoken language until 400 v.C. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
:''See also: [[ | :''See also: [[Wiebian/Script]].'' | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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''n'' assimilates before clicks and velar plosives to /ŋ/. | ''n'' assimilates before clicks and velar plosives to /ŋ/. | ||
A syllable cannot begin with a vowel in | A syllable cannot begin with a vowel in Wiebian. The "null" initial in the orthography is actually the glottal stop initial. | ||
The gemination sign, transcribed as '''c''', is often used in early classical texts. It acts like the Japanese ''sokuon'' symbol: ''wecl'' /welː/ 'slide! (2nd person singular)'. By late {{PAGENAME}} most gemination signs fell into disuse and were replaced with double letters. '''c''' only survived as part of the graphemes '''-ck''' for long k, and '''ch''' [x], which was in complementary distribution with '''h''' [h] by that time. | The gemination sign, transcribed as '''c''', is often used in early classical texts. It acts like the Japanese ''sokuon'' symbol: ''wecl'' /welː/ 'slide! (2nd person singular)'. By late {{PAGENAME}} most gemination signs fell into disuse and were replaced with double letters. '''c''' only survived as part of the graphemes '''-ck''' for long k, and '''ch''' [x], which was in complementary distribution with '''h''' [h] by that time. | ||
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===Umlaut processes=== | ===Umlaut processes=== | ||
Wiebian history and morphology are affected by umlaut processes. The precise conditions are yet to be determined. | |||
{{col-begin}} | {{col-begin}} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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*''<sup><s>i</s></sup>'' "de-umlauting" the singular stem (''Drömm'' 'wall' > ''Dromme'' 'walls') | *''<sup><s>i</s></sup>'' "de-umlauting" the singular stem (''Drömm'' 'wall' > ''Dromme'' 'walls') | ||
The plural form of a noun was unpredictable. Thus many speakers, especially non-Gamedan speaking foreigners, found this system chaotic and opted for the most common number used, usually singular for highly individualized nouns and plural for collective nouns. Thus Modern | The plural form of a noun was unpredictable. Thus many speakers, especially non-Gamedan speaking foreigners, found this system chaotic and opted for the most common number used, usually singular for highly individualized nouns and plural for collective nouns. Thus Modern Wiebian has no grammatical number. | ||
=====Case endings===== | =====Case endings===== | ||
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=====Degree===== | =====Degree===== | ||
Wiebian uses analytic constructions for degrees of adjectives. | |||
In {{PAGENAME}}, to form the comparative one attaches the semi-serial verb ''&kloh'' ('cross') to the predicative form of the adjective. (The same applies to verbs.) The standard of comparison is in the accusative. The superlative is identical to the comparative. | In {{PAGENAME}}, to form the comparative one attaches the semi-serial verb ''&kloh'' ('cross') to the predicative form of the adjective. (The same applies to verbs.) The standard of comparison is in the accusative. The superlative is identical to the comparative. | ||
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====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Wiebian lacks true third-person pronouns. The closest equivalents are the demonstratives ''mi'' 'this' and ''a'' 'that'. | |||
In Modern | In Modern Wiebian ''nu'' 'I' is often used when referring to an object or place central to the deixis or discourse, "the way a camera would talk". It can also refer to an object or person with which the speaker identifies with intimately or closely. (Of course, the actual "me" is presumed to be outside of the domain of discourse.) Examples: | ||
*for a trivial example, the player character in a video game | *for a trivial example, the player character in a video game | ||
*when describing what happened to one's friend or pet | *when describing what happened to one's friend or pet | ||
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}} | }} | ||
In Modern | In Modern Wiebian the preterite form is lost and ''mei'' /mi˩/ has been generalized as the interjection for ''no'' or the adverb for ''not''. | ||
====Passive==== | ====Passive==== | ||
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====Serial verbs==== | ====Serial verbs==== | ||
==Derivational morphology== | ==Derivational morphology== | ||