Verse:Hmøøh/Whehli: Difference between revisions

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Line 138: Line 138:
*m > ny
*m > ny
*rw, lw > rr, ll
*rw, lw > rr, ll
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; " |Labial
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
|
| n
| ny
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Plosive
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|
| t
| ty
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| d
| dy
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|
| s
| hy
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| (v)
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
|
| l
| y
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Trill
|
| r
|
|}


===Humpback Whelsh===
===Humpback Whelsh===

Revision as of 22:13, 22 November 2015

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless θ s ɬ
voiced ð z ɮ
Approximant w l j
Trill r

Vowels

  • a e i o u
  • a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
  • a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
  • ai au ei eu oi ou
  • a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i

Sound changes

Diphthongs simplify before laryngeals

Before x or xʷ

Let X be a one of x and . Then:

  • aiX > eX
  • auX > oX
  • eiX > iX
  • euX > oX
  • oiX > eX
  • ouX > uX
  • a:iX > a:X
  • a:uX > a:X
  • e:iX > e:X
  • e:uX > e:X
  • o:uX > o:X
  • o:iX > o:X

Before ħ

  • aiħ > aħ
  • eiħ > eħ
  • euħ > eħ
  • oiħ > oħ
  • ouħ > oħ
  • a:iħ > a:ħ
  • a:uħ > a:ħ
  • e:iħ > e:ħ
  • e:uħ > e:ħ
  • o:uħ > o:ħ
  • o:iħ > o:ħ

Laryngeal loss

  • x-, ħ-, xʷ- > e-, a-, o-

In the following, When the vowel before the permutation is long, the reflex is overlong.

h1

  • axa exa ixa oxa uxa > a: ä: e: å: o:
  • axe exe ixe oxe uxe > ä: e: i: e: i:
  • axi exi ixi oxi uxi > e: i: i: e: i:
  • axo exo ixo oxo uxo > å: e: e: o: u:
  • axu exu ixu oxu uxu > o: e: i: u: u:
  • axC exC ixC oxC uxC > ä: e: i: o: u:

h2

  • aħa eħa iħa oħa uħa > a: a: ä: a: å:
  • aħe eħe iħe oħe uħe > a: ä: e: ä: e:
  • aħi eħi iħi oħi uħi > ä: e: e: ä: e:
  • aħo eħo iħo oħo uħo > a: ä: ä: å: o:
  • aħu eħu iħu oħu uħu > å: ä: e: o: o:
  • aħC eħC iħC oħC uħC > a: ä: e: å: o:

h3

Let V be the set of vowel qualities {a, ä, å, e, i, o, u}, and let q : V → V denote the involutive permutation (ä å)(e o)(i u). Then for a given vV, the reflex of vv equals q(v′)xʷq(v′) = q(v′xv′), where v′ denotes q(v):

  • axʷa exʷa ixʷa oxʷa uxʷa > a: ä: e: å: o:
  • axʷe exʷe ixʷe oxʷe uxʷe > ä: e: i: o: o:
  • axʷi exʷi ixʷi oxʷi uxʷi > e: i: i: o: u:
  • axʷo exʷo ixʷo oxʷo uxʷo > å: o: u: o: u:
  • axʷu exʷu ixʷu oxʷu uxʷu > o: o: u: u: u:
  • axʷC exʷC ixʷC oxʷC uxʷC > å: e: i: o: u:

Overlong diphthongs

  • a::i a::u e::i i::u e::u o::i o::u u::i > a:: a:: e:: i:: e:: o:: o:: u::

The resulting vowel system is:

  • a e i o u
  • a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
  • a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
  • ai au ei eu oi ou
  • a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i

Last changes common to all T-Talsmic languages

  • kʷ gʷ > ts dz > t d
  • k g > tʃ dʒ > s z
  • rk > rt

Parody Quenya

  • ð > funny lateral-ish sound > l
  • f > þ
  • þ > s
  • ł > hy
  • p > kw > ty
  • b > gw > w/y (hiatus breaker)
  • rb, lb > rd, ld
  • lz > ld
  • d > r
  • mb > ngw > ndy
  • m > ny
  • rw, lw > rr, ll


Labial Alveolar Palatal
Nasal n ny
Plosive voiceless t ty
voiced d dy
Fricative voiceless s hy
voiced (v)
Approximant l y
Trill r

Humpback Whelsh

Velarless German?