Toki Ike: Difference between revisions
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Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs | Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs | ||
[[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages|K]][[Category:Proto-languages|K]][[Category:Quame languages]] | [[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages|K]][[Category:Proto-languages|K]][[Category:Quame languages|K]] |
Revision as of 03:41, 7 December 2015
Historical phonology
s, ł > h
z > 0
λ > l
ƛ/c ƛ'/c' > c c'
k kw > k, q qw > q
i have these + a table of assimilations
mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
h > ŋ
b d, etc > p' t' etc.
t > T then c > t
Finnishy subfamily
ay > ää
ey > ee
ew, oi > öö
iw, uy > üü
aw > åå
ow > oo
Numbers
kēm, tingōr, nakkʼ, laupʼ, taling, tʼām, rōrtʼ, loyrtʼ, pʼakkʼ, qʼeyōr (?)
Phonology
Consonants
Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages have simple syllables and are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of Proto-Kammalic:
Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | rn /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ~ɴ/ | |||
Plosive | plain | p /p~b/ | t /t~d/ | rt /ʈ~ɖ/ | k /k~g/ | q /q~ɢ/ | |
ejective | pʼ /pʼ/ | tʼ /tʼ/ | rtʼ /ʈʼ/ | kʼ /kʼ/ | qʼ /qʼ/ | ||
Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ | ||
Close-mid | e /e~ə/ | ē /eː/ | o /o/ | ō /oː/ | ||
Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ |
a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ay aw ey ew iw oy ow uy ia ua āy āw ēy ēw īw ōy ōw ūy īa ūa
Composition
- Geminates > ejectives
- ejective > creaky voice > tone
- Salish/Spittem parody
- Both geminates and ejectives
- Finno-Bantu
- Ejectives > geminates
- Estonian parody
- Hyper-minlang
- Outlier with fricatives and syncope
Grammar
Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs