Toki Ike: Difference between revisions

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****Hyper-minlang
****Hyper-minlang
**Outlier with fricatives and syncope
**Outlier with fricatives and syncope
***m n ń; p t cz k; f þ s sz h; r l w /v/ j
***m n ń; p t cz /tS/ k; f þ s sz /S/ h; r l w /v/ j


==Grammar==
==Grammar==

Revision as of 06:15, 9 December 2015

Historical phonology

s, ł > h
z > 0
λ > l
ƛ/c ƛ'/c' > c c'
k kw > k, q qw > q
i have these + a table of assimilations
mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
h > ŋ
b d, etc > p' t' etc.
t > T then c > t

Finnishy subfamily

ay > ää
ey > ee
ew, oi > öö
iw, uy > üü
aw > åå
ow > oo

Numbers

kēm, tingōr, nakkʼ, laupʼ, taling, tʼām, rōrtʼ, loyrtʼ, pʼakkʼ, qʼeyōr (?)

Phonology

Consonants

Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages have simple syllables and are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of Proto-Kammalic:

Proto-Kammalic consonants
Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ rn /ɲ/ ng /ŋ~ɴ/
Plosive plain p /p~b/ t /t~d/ rt /ʈ~ɖ/ k /k~g/ q /q~ɢ/
ejective /pʼ/ /tʼ/ rtʼ /ʈʼ/ /kʼ/ /qʼ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Close-mid e /e~ə/ ē /eː/ o /o/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ay aw ey ew iw oy ow uy ia ua āy āw ēy ēw īw ōy ōw ūy īa ūa

Composition

  • Proto-Kammalic
    • Geminates > ejectives
      • ejective > creaky voice > tone
      • p p' > b p, generic south american gib
      • Pseudo-Quechua
      • Salish/Spittem parody
      • Pseudo-Arabic
    • Both geminates and ejectives
      • Finno-Bantu
      • Ejectives > geminates
        • Estonian parody
        • Hyper-minlang
    • Outlier with fricatives and syncope
      • m n ń; p t cz /tS/ k; f þ s sz /S/ h; r l w /v/ j

Grammar

Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs