Koṭärt: Difference between revisions

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| [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]
| [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|t͡ʂ]]
| [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|ʈ͡ʂ]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ]]
| [[w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ]]
|  
|  
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* [‌[[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻ]]‌] is usually an [[w:Allophone|allophone]] of /[[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]]/ around retroflex consonants. However some speakers always pronounce /ɹ/ as [ɻ].
* [‌[[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻ]]‌] is usually an [[w:Allophone|allophone]] of /[[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]]/ around retroflex consonants. However some speakers always pronounce /ɹ/ as [ɻ].
* [‌[[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]‌] is an allophone of /[[w:Voiced velar approximant|ɰ]]/ when followed by /i/. /ɰ/ is a result of a sound change from Old Koṭärt to Modern Koṭärt and appears in a Koṭärt-Weśte Standard dialect, as an example.
* [‌[[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]‌] is an allophone of /[[w:Voiced velar approximant|ɰ]]/ when followed by /i/. /ɰ/ is a result of a sound change from Old Koṭärt to Modern Koṭärt and appears in a Koṭärt-Weśte Standard dialect, as an example.
* /[[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]/ is realized variously and can also be an allophone of /[[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]/. Around vowels (/Vŋ/) it is pronounced simply as a nasalized vowel ([Ṽ]), however when followed by a velar plosive it is usually pronounced as a standalone consonant with preceding vowel nasalized ([Ṽŋk]).
* /[[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]/ is realized variously and can also be an allophone of /[[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]/. Around vowels (/Vŋ/) it is pronounced simply as a nasalized vowel ([Ṽ]), however when followed by a velar plosive it is usually pronounced as a standalone consonant with preceding vowel nasalized ([Ṽŋk]). Rarely, whenever /ŋ/ is in the consonant cluster, following /t/, it is usually realized as /t/ with [[w:Nasal release]]: [tⁿ].
* [[w:Glottal stop|Glottal stop]] is not a phoneme in Koṭärt, but it may sometimes appear in speech, e.g. in the beginning of words which start with vowel to put emphasis or to avoid [[w:Vowel hiatus|hiatus]].
* [[w:Glottal stop|Glottal stop]] is not a phoneme in Koṭärt, but it may sometimes appear in speech, e.g. in the beginning of words which start with vowel to put emphasis or to avoid [[w:Vowel hiatus|hiatus]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Romanization for Consonants'''
! Letter !! [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Letter !! [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
| [[w:P|p]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|p]]‌/ || [[w:S|s]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|s]]‌/
|-
| [[w:T|t]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t]]‌/ || [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṣ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʂ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ḳ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|c~k̟ʲ]]‌/ || [[w:Ś|ś]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɕ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:K|k]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|k]]‌/ || [[w:Ts (digraph)|ts]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t͡s]]‌/
|-
| [[w:M|m]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|m]]‌/ || [[w:C|c]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʈ͡ʂ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:N|n]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|n]]‌/ || [[w:Ć|ć]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t͡ɕ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṇ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɳ]]‌/ || [[w:List of Latin-script digraphs|tl]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|t͡ɬ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Ñ|ñ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɲ]]‌/ || [[w:List of Latin-script trigraphs|tly]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|c͡ʎ̝̊]]‌/
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṃ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ŋ]]‌/¹ || [[w:W|w]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|w]]‌/²
|-
| [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ṛ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɽ]]‌/ || [[w:R|r]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɹ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:J|j]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|j]]‌/³ || [[w:G|g]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɰ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:L|l]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|l]]‌/ || [[w:Latin Extended Additional|ḷ]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ɭ]]‌/
|-
| [[w:List of Latin-script digraphs|ly]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|ʎ]]‌/ || [[w:List of Latin-script digraphs|wy]] || /[[IPA for Koṭärt|jː]]‌/⁴
|-
|}
Notes:<br>
¹ – The ⟨ṃ⟩ represents the phonetic /ŋ/, meaning it also indicates vowel nasalization<br>
² – ⟨u⟩ as a semivowel in diphthongs<br>
³ – ⟨i⟩ as a semivowel in diphthongs<br>
⁴ – The digraph ⟨wy⟩ represents [jː], historically pronounced as [wj]<br>


==Phonetics==
==Phonetics==

Revision as of 10:39, 27 January 2025


(This page is heavily a WIP, article on Frathwiki is coming soon too)

Koṭärt
Koṭärt
Pronunciation[koˈʈæɹt]
Created byHyacinth
Datec. 2023-2024
SettingPaukaṣṣat
  • Lakkāl
EthnicityṂkṛkoṭärt, Śätst, etc.
Kotartian (placeholder name)
Early forms
Proto-Kotartian
  • Proto-Koṭärt
    • Archaic Old Koṭärt
      • Mainlands Old Koṭärt
Standard form
Koṭärt-Weśte Standard Academic dialect
Dialects
  • Koṭärt dialect cluster
  • Koṭärt-Western dialect cluster
  • Weśte dialect cluster
  • Central dialect cluster
  • Northern dialect cluster
  • Southern Koṭärt
  • Eastern-Insular dialect cluster
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Koṭärt (English: /kʰəʊtˈæɻt/; endonym: Koṭärt /koˈʈæɹt/, lyāpṣmä wë Koṭärt /ʎɑːpˈʂmæ wə koˈʈæɹt/, or Koṭärtlyap /koʈæɹˈc͡ʎ̝̊ap/) is an artificial language created by David “Hyacinth” for a conworld project. It is a most commonly spoken, literary, and academic language in the land of Lakkāl, thus it also serves as a lingua franca between various communes. It's still in development.

History

WIP

Phonology

Consonant inventory (Standard dialect)
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p t ʈ c~k̟ʲ k (ʔ)
Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Fricative s ʂ ɕ (ɣ)
Affricate t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ
Lateral Affricate t͡ɬ c͡ʎ̝̊
Approximant w ɹ (ɻ) j ɰ
Lateral Approximant l ɭ ʎ
Flap ɽ

Notes:

  • Certain consonants can be prolonged, and some plosives can be pronounced with no audible release at the end of words (with the following word starting with a consonant) or in the clusters in the syllable's coda.
  • The pronunciation of /c~k̟ʲ/ varies, the forms [‌c‌], [‌k̟ʲ‌] and [c̠] oftenly coexist and are dependent on the speaker. Historically it derives from Old Koṭärt /kʲ/
  • [‌ɻ‌] is usually an allophone of /ɹ/ around retroflex consonants. However some speakers always pronounce /ɹ/ as [ɻ].
  • [‌ɣ‌] is an allophone of /ɰ/ when followed by /i/. /ɰ/ is a result of a sound change from Old Koṭärt to Modern Koṭärt and appears in a Koṭärt-Weśte Standard dialect, as an example.
  • /ŋ/ is realized variously and can also be an allophone of /n/. Around vowels (/Vŋ/) it is pronounced simply as a nasalized vowel ([Ṽ]), however when followed by a velar plosive it is usually pronounced as a standalone consonant with preceding vowel nasalized ([Ṽŋk]). Rarely, whenever /ŋ/ is in the consonant cluster, following /t/, it is usually realized as /t/ with w:Nasal release: [tⁿ].
  • Glottal stop is not a phoneme in Koṭärt, but it may sometimes appear in speech, e.g. in the beginning of words which start with vowel to put emphasis or to avoid hiatus.


Romanization for Consonants
Letter IPA Letter IPA
p /p‌/ s /s‌/
t /t‌/ ṣ /ʂ‌/
ḳ /c~k̟ʲ‌/ ś /ɕ‌/
k /k‌/ ts /t͡s‌/
m /m‌/ c /ʈ͡ʂ‌/
n /n‌/ ć /t͡ɕ‌/
ṇ /ɳ‌/ tl /t͡ɬ‌/
ñ /ɲ‌/ tly /c͡ʎ̝̊‌/
ṃ /ŋ‌/¹ w /w‌/²
ṛ /ɽ‌/ r /ɹ‌/
j /j‌/³ g /ɰ‌/
l /l‌/ ḷ /ɭ‌/
ly /ʎ‌/ wy /jː‌/⁴

Notes:
¹ – The ⟨ṃ⟩ represents the phonetic /ŋ/, meaning it also indicates vowel nasalization
² – ⟨u⟩ as a semivowel in diphthongs
³ – ⟨i⟩ as a semivowel in diphthongs
⁴ – The digraph ⟨wy⟩ represents [jː], historically pronounced as [wj]

Phonetics

WIP

Phonotactics

WIP

Syntax

WIP

Grammar

WIP

Morphology

WIP

Orthography

WIP

Lexicon

WIP

Notes

Links

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