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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = Etzeá
| name = Etzeá
| nativename = etzeá
| nativename = etzeà
| pronunciation =ed͡zeɑ
| pronunciation =ed͡zeɑ
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
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| mapcaption = Etzeán Island. Most Etzeá speakers live on the western side of the island, past the Tûzogyâud Range.
| mapcaption = Etzeán Island. Most Etzeá speakers live on the western side of the island, past the Tûzogyâud Range.
}}
}}
'''Etzeá'''(''etzeá''; [[Help:IPA|[ed͡zeɑ]]]) is the secondary language spoken on the [[:File:Etzean.jpeg|island of Etzeán]] within the Moshurian Empire. Due to its early geographic isolation from mainland Yeldhic languages, Etzeá became the closest modern living relative to [[Proto-Yeldhic]] in the [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic language family]], making the language a key contributor in modern reconstructions of Early Proto-Yeldhic. Since the arrival of the [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] [[Néekh]] people in the Tûznam Basin around 1350 UH, various Néekh loanwords and Taskaric language loanwords in general have seeped into the Etzeá lexicon, such as ''ungesku'' [uŋesku] "long spear", from Néekh ''unghêsgu'' [uŋɣejsgu] "Izhkut spear", from [[Izhkut]] ''khungëskue'' [[IPA for Izhkut|[xuŋˈɛskuɨ̯]]] "spear with twisted blade".
'''Etzeá'''(''etzeà''; [[Help:IPA|[ed͡zeɑ]]]) is the secondary language spoken on the [[:File:Etzean.jpeg|island of Etzeán]] within the Moshurian Empire. Due to its early geographic isolation from mainland Yeldhic languages, Etzeá became the closest modern living relative to [[Proto-Yeldhic]] in the [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic language family]], making the language a key contributor in modern reconstructions of Early Proto-Yeldhic. Since the arrival of the [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] [[Néekh]] people in the Tûznam Basin around 1350 UH, various Néekh loanwords and Taskaric language loanwords in general have entered the Etzeá lexicon.


Etzeá has also been influenced by the indigenous [[Myshon|Myshon language]] spoken around Ipuśtovek, and the [[Ta Tuzak|Tuzak languages]] spoken in and around the Dżedi Forest, as well as the Bir Basin.
Etzeá has also been influenced by the indigenous [[Myshon|Myshon language]] spoken around Ipuśtovek, and the [[Ta Tuzak|Tuzak languages]] spoken in and around the Dżedi Forest, as well as the Bir Basin.
==History==
==History==
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
The name ''etzeá'''s etymology is heavily debated, though one theory is that it developed agglutinatively by the combination of one word and a case marker: Proto-Yeldhic ''*eðu'', "land" and ablative case marker ''*-ē'', or in other words, ''*eðʷē'', "away from the mainland". However, this theory has been criticised, as the actual Etzeá descendant of ''*eðu'' is {{cont|edyu|y}} "earth, land", so the reconstructed descendant form of ''*eðʷē'' should be ''*edyê'', not ''etzeá'' or ''Etzeán''.
The name ''etzeà'''s etymology is heavily debated, though one theory is that it developed agglutinatively by the combination of one word and a case marker: Proto-Yeldhic ''*eðu'', "land" and ablative case marker ''*-ē'', or in other words, ''*eðʷē'', "away from the mainland". However, this theory has been criticised, as the actual Etzeá descendant of ''*eðu'' is {{cont|edyu|y}} "earth, land", so the reconstructed descendant form of ''*eðʷē'' should be ''*edyê'', not ''etzeà'' or ''Etzeàn''.
===Formation===
===Formation===
The first Etzeic peoples were a Proto-Yeldhic people who probably inhabited Kokiso Point, the closest coastal landmark on Talkoch to Etzeán Island. They probably arrived on Etzeán Island around 2400 UH, just in time before the development of the Paleoyeldhic languages on the mainland in 2370 UH. On Etzeán Island, the Etzeic peoples spread all the way to the Tûzogyâud Range(Etzeá: [[Help:IPA|[tuːzoɡjaːud]]]) by 1750 UH. The areas around Mount Ogoñi(Etzeá: ''Ogoñigyed'') was settled later, around 1600 UH.
The first Etzeic peoples were a Proto-Yeldhic people who probably inhabited Kokiso Point, the closest coastal landmark on Talkoch to Etzeán Island. They probably arrived on Etzeán Island around 2400 UH, just in time before the development of the Paleoyeldhic languages on the mainland in 2370 UH. On Etzeán Island, the Etzeic peoples spread all the way to the Tûzogyâud Range(Etzeá: [[Help:IPA|[tuːzoɡjaːud]]]) by 1750 UH. The areas around Mount Ogoñi(Etzeá: ''Ogoñigyed'') was settled later, around 1600 UH.
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===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Front !! colspan=2 | Central !! colspan=2 | Back
|-
! short !! long !! short !! long !! short !! long
|-
|-
! Close
! Close
| i iː || || u uː
| i || iː || colspan=2 | || u || uː
|-
|-
! Close-mid
! Close-mid
| e eː || || o oː
| e || eː || colspan=2 | || o || oː
|-
|-
! Open-mid
! Open-mid
| ɛ || || ɔ
| ɛ || || colspan=2 | || ɔ ||
|-
|-
! Open
! Open
| || a aː || ɑ
| colspan=2 | || a || aː || ɑ ||
|}
|}
/ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are shown by the letters ⟨á⟩, ⟨è⟩ and ⟨ò⟩ respectively. Long vowels are represented by circumflexes, as in ⟨â, ê, î, ô, û⟩ for /aː eː iː oː uː/ respectively.
/ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are shown by the letters ⟨à⟩, ⟨è⟩ and ⟨ò⟩ respectively. Long vowels are represented by circumflexes, as in ⟨â, ê, î, ô, û⟩ for /aː eː iː oː uː/ respectively.
All Proto-Yeldhic vowels, including long vowels, are preserved in Etzeá, except ''*é'' which merged with /e/. ⟨ea⟩ also represents /ɛ/.
All Proto-Yeldhic vowels, including long vowels, are preserved in Etzeá, except ''*é'' which merged with /e/. ⟨ea⟩ also represents /ɛ/.


===Phonotactics===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Personal pronouns===
===Personal pronouns===
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| ''en'' || ''nea'' || ''so'' || ''mos''
| ''en'' || ''nea'' || ''so'' || ''mos''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | 2<sup>nd</sup>
! rowspan=3 | 2<sup>nd</sup>
! formal/polite
! rowspan=2 | formal
| ''tsus'' || ''itsûr'' || ''(tsi)pella'' || ''(tsi)pellêro''
| rowspan=2 | ''tsus'' || rowspan=2 | ''itsûr'' || ''pella'' || ''pellêro''
|-
| ''tsipella'' || ''tsipellêro''
|-
|-
! informal
! informal
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: ''Kuzao nea''
: ''Kuzao nea''
: "The bottle that is mine/The bottle is mine."
: "The bottle that is mine/The bottle is mine."
: ''Kuzao nea sátzan'ch.''
: ''Kuzao nea satzan'ch.''
: "The bottle that is mine, is blue.
: "The bottle that is mine, is blue.
Note that the structure of the second sentence, though grammatically correct, is generally uncommon. It is more likely to be formulated by a native speaker as ''Nea kuzao sátzan'ch''.
Note that the structure of the second sentence, though grammatically correct, is generally uncommon. It is more likely to be formulated by a native speaker as ''Nea kuzao sátzan'ch''.
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! rowspan=2 | Present
! rowspan=2 | Present
! Simple
! Simple
| ''tsi'' || ''tsiuc'' || rowspan=5 | ''tsidelle'' ||  
| ''tsi'' || ''tsiuc'' || rowspan=5 | ''tsidelle'' || rowspan=2 | ''tsidyà?''
|-
|-
! Continuous
! Continuous
| ''tsidî'' || ''tsidyûs'' || ''tsidyà?''
| ''tsidî'' || ''tsidyûs''  
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Past
! rowspan=2 | Past
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! rowspan=2 | Present
! rowspan=2 | Present
! Simple
! Simple
| ''prîs'' || ''pricin'' || rowspan=5 | ''pritzon'' ||  
| ''prîs'' || ''pricin'' || rowspan=5 | ''pritzon'' || rowspan=2 | ''priulè?''
|-
|-
! Continuous
! Continuous
| ''priu'' || ''priudi'' || ''priulè?''
| ''priu'' || ''priudi''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Past
! rowspan=2 | Past
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|}
|}
====Copula====
====Copula====
The Etzeá copula(''llècho'') is the only verb in Etzeá that is placed after the object. It is generally concatenated as '''ch'' after adjectives and nouns, as in:
The Etzeá copula(''llècho'') is the only verb in Etzeá that is placed after the object. It is generally concatenated as '''ch'' after adjectives and nouns(when the subject is a noun), as in:
:  
: ''Lems gòbal'ch.''
: [[Help:IPA|[lems gɔbalç]]]
: "The man is marooned."
However, if the subject is a [[#Personal pronouns|pronoun]] like ''en'', ''so'', ''tsus'' or the informal second-person ''o'', the copula is entirely omitted. Contrary to popular belief, this is not a vernacular feature, but a standard part of Etzeá grammar. However, this rule only officially applies to the specified pronouns; the rule does not apply to ''oyo'', ''pella''/''tsipella'' or the third-person ''o'', though the omission of the copula even in these contexts is fairly common in vernacular speech.
: ''En lam lo podig.''
: "I am the rescuer." (Non-vernacular, Standard)
: '''''O''' lam lo podig.''
: "*He is the rescuer." (Non-standard; Vernacular in some areas)
: ''O lam lo podig''''ch'''.''
: "He is the rescuer." (Non-vernacular, Standard)
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Etzeá"