Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''nə rhọb {{PAGENAME}}'' from ''*nàh ròpàh qéqèpàh'') is a classical language of ___. It's inspired by Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, and Vietnamese.


== Phonology ==
b d g għ q = /p t k {{qeth}} ʔ/;
aspirated stops p t c k kħ;
Spirants f θ x xħ ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
m n ŋ; ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
b ƀ đ d y g ǥ = /v b(impl) d(impl) ð j ɣ (Eevo L)/
r l rh /r l (flap)/
hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants
i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; iê uô
Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)
=== Mutations ===
# Lenition: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ b d y g għ h 0 l rh
# L-coloring: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> m l ŋ ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
# Aspiration: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hŋ ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr
== Proto-language ==
5 vowels: i e a o u; each mora had high and low tones
allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/
Tone reflexes (' denotes stress):
(these occur by moras with long vowels counting as 2 moras): 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)
umlaut like in OIr
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.
The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
==== Possessive prefixes ====
===== Type 1 possession =====
Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun.
* sèmpèŋàrán > sệpŋă-N 'body'
* hísèmpèŋàrán > ispŋăr-N 'my body'
* ŋusèmpèŋàrán > ŋùspŋăr-N 'thy body'
* àsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (animate)
* ànsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (inanimate)
* láhisèmpèŋàrán > lispŋăr-N 'our body'
* númasèmpèŋàrán > nospŋăr-N 'your body'
* àlsèmpèŋàrán > àxpŋăr-N '3pl's body'
===== Type 2 posssession =====
Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun.
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
=== Verbs ===
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs
productive redup
==== Inflection ====
Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person  !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form
|-
| 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''
|-
| 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''
|-
| 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''
|-
| 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''
|-
| 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''
|-
| 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''
|}
== Syntax ==
VOS, head-initial
question particle să-L

Revision as of 01:44, 9 June 2025

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