Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

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! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
|
|
| {{IPA link|z̩}} {{angbr|y}}
| z̩ {{angbr|y
| {{IPA link|v̩ʷ}} {{angbr|u}}
| v̩ʷ {{angbr|u
|-
|-
! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
|
|
| {{IPA link|z̠̩}} {{angbr|yr}}
| z̠̩ {{angbr|yr
| {{IPA link|v̠̩ʷ}} {{angbr|ur}}
| v̠̩ʷ {{angbr|ur
|-
|-
! scope="row" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
! scope="row" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
| {{IPA link|e̝}} {{angbr|i}}
| e̝ {{angbr|i  
| {{IPA link|ɤ̝}} {{angbr|e}}
| ɤ̝ {{angbr|e
| {{IPA link|o̝}} {{angbr|o}}
| o̝ {{angbr|o
|-
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
| <u>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</u> {{angbr|{{not a typo|ie}}}}
| <u>ɛ</u> {{angbr|ie  
|
|
| <u>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</u> {{angbr|uo}}  
| <u>ɔ</u> {{angbr|uo   
|-
|-
! scope="row" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
! scope="row" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
| <u>{{IPA link|a}}</u> {{angbr|a}}  
| <u>a</u> {{angbr|a   
|
|
|}
|}
Nuosu has five pairs of phonemic vowels, contrasting in a feature Andy Eatough calls ''loose throat'' vs. ''tight throat''.  Underlining is used as an ad-hoc symbol for tight throat; phonetically, these vowels are [[laryngealized]] and/or show a [[retracted tongue root]].  Loose vs. tight throat is the only distinction in the two pairs of [[syllabic consonant]]s, but in the [[vocoid]]s it is reinforced by a [[vowel height|height]] difference.{{r|eatough}}
The syllabic consonants {{transliteration|ii|y(r) u(r)}} are essentially the usual Sinological vowels {{IPA|ɿ ʮ}}, so {{angbr|y}} can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin {{lang|cmn|四}} {{transliteration|cmn|sì}} "four", but they have diverse realizations.  {{transliteration|ii|Y(r)}} completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. {{IPA|/ɕz̩˨˩/}} {{IPA|[ɕʑ̩˨˩]}} {{lang|ii|ꑮ}} {{transliteration|ii|xyp}} "to marry", and is {{IPA|[m͡l̩]}} after a labial nasal, e.g. {{IPA|/m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/}} {{IPA|[m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꂪꌦ}} {{transliteration|ii|hmy sy}} "cloth".  {{transliteration|ii|U(r)}} assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. {{IPA|/l̥v̩ʷ˧/}} {{IPA|[l̥l̩ʷ˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꆭ}} {{transliteration|ii|hlu}} "to stir-fry", and is {{IPA|[m̩ʷ]}} after a labial nasal, e.g. {{IPA|/m̥v̩ʷ˧/}} {{IPA|[m̥m̩ʷ˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꂥ}} {{transliteration|ii|hmu}} "mushroom"; moreover it induces a [[bilabial trill|labially trilled]] release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. {{IPA|/ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/}} {{IPA|[ⁿd<sup>ʙ</sup>β̩˨˩]}} {{lang|ii|ꅥ}} {{transliteration|ii|ndup}} "to hit".
The tight-throat phone {{IPA|[<u>ɤ̝</u>]}} occurs as the realization of {{IPA|/ɤ̝/}} in the high tone.  That it is phonemically loose-throat is shown by its behaviour in tightness harmony in compound words.
Polynuosu syllable structure is (C)V.

Revision as of 18:19, 9 June 2025

Polynuosu (placeholder name) is a language mainly inspired by Nuosu and Welsh. It is a relative of Flei.

Phonology

Consonants in Nuosu
Labial Alveolar Retroflex (Alveolo-)
Palatal 		Velar Glottal
plain sibilant
Nasal unvoiced
voiced
Stop/
Affricate 		unvoiced
aspirated
voiced
prenasalized
Continuant unvoiced
voiced

Vowels

Vowels in Nuosu
Front Non-front
unrounded rounded
Syllabic
consonant 		loose y u
tight yr ur
Close loose i e o
Open-mid tight ie uo
Open a
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